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Effects of neuron autophagy induced by arsenic and fluoride on spatial learning and memory in offspring rats.

Highlights • Arsenic and/or fluoride exposure can impair spatial learning and memory ability in offspring rats, and low-dose combined exposure produces stronger neurotoxicity than exposure alone. • Arsenic and/or fluoride exposure can disrupt synaptic structure and function, which in turn leads to neurotoxicity. • Arsenic and fluoride exposure have an interactive effect on the expression of autolysosome-related proteins in rat hippocampal neurons, as shown

[RETRACTED] Fluoride Exposure Suppresses Proliferation and Enhances Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis Pathways in Hepatocytes by Downregulating Sirtuin-1.

1. Introduction Fluorine exists in the environment in the form of fluoride [1]. And fluorine is a vital trace element present in humans and animals, mainly in bones and teeth [2, 3]. While long-term exposure to fluoride in the air, food, and water can lead to fluorosis, it can also cause dental fluorosis and fluorosis bone disease [4]. It has also been confirmed that chronic fluorosis can result in extensive pathological damage to the body [5]. Excessive intake of fluorine will cause morphologi

Fluoride affects memory by altering the transcriptional activity in the central nervous system of Lymnaea stagnalis.

Introduction Fluoride (F-) is an inorganic ion naturally present in the environment. However, rising F- levels due to anthropogenic activities can be toxic to several plants and animal taxa (Camargo, 2003). As F can cross the blood-brain barrier, the central nervous system is particularly sensitive to overexposure to this ion (Harrison and Gerstein, 2002). Previous studies showed that F- not only alters learning and memory formation but can also impair neurotransmission, and induce oxid