Highlights
Relatively low levels of fluoride exposure in US adolescents but with wide ranges.
Dose-dependent increase in prevalence of hyperuricemia with increasing fluoride levels.
Significant associations between plasma and water fluoride and hyperuricemia.
A positive relationship between water and plasma fluoride concentrations.
Potential role of chronic fluoride exposure in increased prevalence of hyperuricemia.
Abstract
Exposure to excessive fluo
This article is a preprint and has not been peer-reviewed. It reports new medical research that has yet to be evaluated and so should not be used to guide clinical practice.
Abstract
As a safe exposure level for fluoride in pregnancy has not been established, we used data from two prospective studies for benchmark dose modeling. We included mother-child pairs from the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) cohort in M
Kombucha dates back thousands of years and is reported to have originated in East Asia. It is produced by fermenting tea with added sugar using SCOBY (symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast). Its health benefits can be attributed to the metabolites produced during the fermentation process. Valuable ingredients of this fermented tea beverage include acetic acid, glucuronic acid, vitamins, enzymes, sugars and polyphenols. Tea, and consequently kombucha, contains numerous minerals, and one of them
References
1.
Baker, GJ. Some aspects of equine dental disease. Equine Vet J 1970;2:105–110.
Google Scholar | Crossref
2.
Baumhammer, A , et al. Remodeling of alveolar bone. J Periodontol 1965;36:439–442.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline
3.
Beck, JD. Fluorine poisoning in a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1946;109:59.
Google Scholar | Medline
4.
Buzalaf, MAR, Whitford, GM. Fluoride metabolism. In: Buzalaf, MAR , ed. Fluoride and the Oral
Plain language summary
Sealants or fluoride varnishes: which treatment is better for preventing decay in the permanent back teeth of children and adolescents?
Why is this question important?
Tooth decay (also called a cavity or caries) is when a small hole develops in a tooth. This happens because bacteria (tiny living organisms) that live in the mouth feed on sugar in the food we eat. As they feed, the bacteria produce acid that attacks teeth. If teeth are not cleaned regularly aft
