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Research Studies
Study Tracker

Study Tracker

The most up-to-date and comprehensive source for studies on fluoride's multifaceted effects on human and animal health, with 100+ years of research organized by health category, type of study, author, journal, and date.
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Effects of fluoride on bone in Finland. Histomorphometry of cadaver bone from low and high fluoride areas

April 1985 | Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica | Arnala I, Alhava EM, Kauranen P. | ;56(2):161-6.
The main histolological change induced by fluoride is the increase of osteoid volume… This increase in osteoid parameters was observed in our study already at fluoride concentrations above 1.5 ppm. . . .  Fluoridation of drinking water up to 1.2 ppm apparently does not pose a potential risk to bone provided the renal function is normal. . . . We should, however, recognize that it is difficult to give a strict value for a safe fluoride concentration in drinking water, because individual suscep