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Study Tracker

The most up-to-date and comprehensive source for studies on fluoride's multifaceted effects on human and animal health, with 100+ years of research organized by health category, type of study, author, journal, and date.
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Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense systems in liver of rats in chronic fluoride toxicity

April 2002 | Builletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology | Shivashankara AR, Shivarajashankara YM, Bhat PG, Rao SH. | 68(4):612-6.
In conclusion, exposure to high fluoride levels [30 & 100 ppm] in drinking water during early stages of life led to increased oxidative stress in the liver of rats as indicated by elevated MDA level and disturbed antioxidant defenses. Adaptive mechanisms in the form of increased activities of GSH-Px and GST operated to combat fluoride induced oxidative stress. But, increased oxidative stress led to depletion of the intrinsic free radical scavengers glutathione and ascorbic acid.