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Fluoride in fish flesh, fish bone and regular diet in south-coastal area of Karnataka state of India.

Background: The objective of the study was to estimate the fluoride content in regular food items available, including fish, in a coastal area of the South Karnataka state of India. Materials and Methods: Fish and food samples were collected from a local market, i.e., Deralakatte, Mangalore of Karnataka State, India. Commonly consumed different species of fish (eight types are included in the study) and popular food items (twelve types) were collected through a random sampling strategy and th

Fluoride Induces Neuroinflammation and Alters Wnt Signaling Pathway in BV2 Microglial Cells.

Fluoride exposure increases IL-1B and TNF-a production and changes the cellular oxidation and antioxidation status [5, 19]. Neuroinflammation seems to be an important mediator of the effects of fluoride. Neuroinflammation, which is mediated by microglia, contributes to most pathological neurologic processes, including CNS infections, ischemic stroke, neurodegenerative disease, and anesthetic neurotoxicity. Increased pro-inflammatory mediator production is thought to cause neuronal cell d