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Study Tracker

The most up-to-date and comprehensive source for studies on fluoride's multifaceted effects on human and animal health, with 100+ years of research organized by health category, type of study, author, journal, and date.
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The Dark Side of Fluorine.

June 20, 2019 | ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters | Pan Y. | 10(7):1016-1019.
Fluorine is an indispensable tool in the medicinal chemists’ toolbox. Due to its small size and strong electron-withdrawing property, fluorine is widely used in medicinal chemistry to improve a molecule’s potency and permeability, modulate its pKa and lipophilicity, and control its conformation. Of the 38 small molecule drugs that were approved by the FDA in 2018, 18 contain fluorine. As the C–F bond-dissociation energy (BDE) is very high (typically 109 kcal/mol or above), fluorine is ofte