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X-ray diagnosis of fluorine-associated arthropathy

I. Pathological basis and X-ray signs of fluorine-associated arthropathy Long-term uptake of excessive fluorine may cause pathological changes of bone structure and bone periphery; furthermore, animal experiments and epidemiological investigations demonstrate that fluorosis may cause necrosis, degeneration and ulceration of articular cartilage, and also cause necrosis of subchondral bones, leading to hypertrophy of synovium and joint capsule and a series of reparative changes which will resul