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Initial nonresponse and survey response mode biases in survey research.

Funders who supported this work. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (1) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, NIH National Center for Research Resources (1) Articles referenced by this article (10) The prevalence of dental fear and avoidance: expanded adult and recent adolescent surveys. Gatchel RJ. J Am Dent Assoc, (5):591-593 1989. MED: 2785546 Evaluation of bias and logistics in a survey of adults at increased risk for oral health de

Beneficial effects of Emblica officinalis on fluoride-induced toxicity on brain biochemical indexes and learning-memory in rats

AIMS:  The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of Emblica officinalis against fluoride-induced alterations in the behavioral and biochemical abnormalities in rats. DESIGN:  The healthy adult albino rats of Wistar strain (Rattus norvegicus) weighed 200-250 g were used for experiments. The animals were divided into three groups. Group I, control rats received only drinking water (F 0.9 ppm). Group II rats were exposed to fluoride (10 ppm) water for 60 days. Group III rats were

Further development of mathematical description for combined toxicity: A case study of lead–fluoride combination.

Highlights Rats were exposed during 6 weeks to repeated i.p. injections of lead acetate, sodium fluoride or both in doses 0.05 LD50. The development of intoxication was estimated quantitatively with 54 functional, biochemical and morphometric indices. For mathematical description of effects a response surface regression model containing linear and cross terms was used. 10 types of combined action were found thus confirming the result of the similar study on Pb and Cd.