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Excessive ER stress and the resulting autophagic flux dysfunction contribute to fluoride-induced neurotoxicity.

from 4. Discussion ... In order to gain a better understanding of the NaF neurotoxicity and its underlying mechanisms, the NaF-treated rats and SH-SY5Y cells were used in the present study. The MWM [Morris water maze test] results showed that exposure of rats to NaF is associated with decreased learning and memory abilities. This is consistent with previous studies where animals exposed to fluoride with similar dosages and duration can also demonstrated different characteristics of neurotoxic