This article is a preprint and has not been peer-reviewed. It reports new medical research that has yet to be evaluated and so should not be used to guide clinical practice.
Abstract
As a safe exposure level for fluoride in pregnancy has not been established, we used data from two prospective studies for benchmark dose modeling. We included mother-child pairs from the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) cohort in M
Plain language summary
Sealants or fluoride varnishes: which treatment is better for preventing decay in the permanent back teeth of children and adolescents?
Why is this question important?
Tooth decay (also called a cavity or caries) is when a small hole develops in a tooth. This happens because bacteria (tiny living organisms) that live in the mouth feed on sugar in the food we eat. As they feed, the bacteria produce acid that attacks teeth. If teeth are not cleaned regularly aft
Authors
Chris Neurath, American Environmental Health Studies Project (AEHSP), Lexington, MA, United States
Paul Connett, American Environmental Health Studies Project (AEHSP), Binghamton, NY, United States
Michael Connett, Waters Kraus & Paul, El Segundo, CA
J. William Hirzy, American University Dept. of Chemistry, Washington, DC
neurath-2020.e-poster.isee-conference
Objective: To review the safety and efficacy of fluoridation of drinking water.
Design: Search of 25 electronic databases and world wide web. Relevant journals hand searched; further information requested from authors. Inclusion criteria were a predefined hierarchy of evidence and objectives. Study validity was assessed with checklists. Two reviewers independently screened sources, extracted data, and assessed validity.
Main outcome measures: Decayed, missing, and filled primary/permanent teet
Excerpts:
INTRODUCTION
Fluoridation of drinking water has been a subject of controversy for decades. Over the past 50 years, the incidence of dental caries (cavities) has declined considerably in the United States, an important health advance that most scientists attribute principally to increased access to fluoridated water and dental products. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 132 million Americans now receive drinking water that contains fluorid
References
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All volatile anesthetic agents are fluorocarbons and variably potent greenhouse gases (GHG).1 As a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), isoflurane also has ozone depleting potential (as does nitrous oxide [N2O]), while sevoflurane and desflurane, being hydrofluorocarbons (HFC), do not.1 The global emission of HFCs increased 128% from 1990 to 2005 and is projected by 2030 to increase a further 336% compared with 2005 emissions.2 The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty agreed upon in 1987 with t
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