In summary, we demonstrate an increased F– content in the growth plate region of the femur at 4 weeks and 8 weeks, and in cortical bone at 8 weeks, in rats with experimental
CRI. We hypothesize that elevated serum F– levels might contribute to the disturbances in mineral ion homeostasis that are observed in patients with CRI. This is of particular concern since the incidence of dental fluorosis has increased due to increased F– uptake from multiple fluoridated sources [24]. The ubiquitous
In summary, these studies show that tooth development is disturbed under uremic conditions. The effects of uremia are primarily in the dentin but also occur in enamel, resulting in hypoplasia and pitting of the enamel surface. The crown portion of human central incisors (the most aesthetically visible teeth) forms up to approximately 4 years of age, with the second permanent molars forming by about 8 years of age. Therefore, children who present with renal insufficiency before the age of 8 years
