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Gaseous Anesthetics.

Introduction The history of anesthesia is a relatively recent one; if one begins with the analgesia dentist, Horace Wells, who discovered the used nitrous oxide during a dental extraction in the early 1800s. The first public showing of anesthesia occurred in October 1846, when ether was used to prevent pain during surgery at Massachusetts General Hospital. The following year, in 1847, Scottish obstetrician James Y. Simpson began using chloroform to treat childbirth pain. In 1956, halothan

Potential Co-exposure to Arsenic and Fluoride and Biomonitoring Equivalents for Mexican Children.

Excerpts: Fluoride toothpaste use has been one of the most common strategies to prevent dental caries in Mexico and worldwide. Studies have reported that between 49.8% to 90.9% of children 6 to 13 years old use fluoride toothpaste at least once a day [45]. Toothpaste fluoride concentrations for children in Mexico varied from nondetectable to 1153 mg/Kg, with an average of 563 ± 350 mg/Kg [46]. These large variations are due in part to the lack of an official regulation and nonmandatory norma

Endemic Fluorosis.

References Fawell J, Bailey K, Chilton J, Dahi E, Fewtrell L, Magara Y. Fluoride in drinking-water. London: World Health Organization, IWA; 2006. Google Scholar Black GV, McKay FS. Mottled teeth: an endemic developmental imperfection of the enamel of the teeth heretofore unknown in the literature of dentistry. Dent Cosmos. 1916;58(01):129–56. CAS  Google Scholar Shortt HE, McRobert GR, Barnard TW, Nayar ASM. Endemic fluorosis in the Madras presidency. Indian J Med