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Insights into material and structural basis of bone fragility from diseases associated with fractures: how determinants of the biomechanical properties of bone are compromised by disease.

... Osteomalacia may be drug-induced (fluoride or etidronate) or the result of aluminum exposure in parenteral nutrition or hemodialysis. Clinical features are pain, fissures, and fractures, which may occur after minimal trauma (61) ... B. Abnormal mineral: fluorosis The effects of fluoride on bone tissue depend on the cumulative dose: at very low dose, less than 1.5 mg F/d, fluoride prevents the development of dental caries; at doses of about 23 mg F/d, fluoride was proposed in the treatm

Prevalence of Enamel Fluorosis Among 12-19 Year-Olds, U.S., 1999-2004.

E. BELTRAN, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, and L. BARKER, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USAObjective: To describe the prevalence of enamel fluorosis among adolescents aged 12 to 15 and 16 to 19 years using data from the three most recent cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) in the U.S: 1999-2000, 2001-2002, and 2003-2004. Methods: NHANES is an ongoing survey of representative samples of

Skeletal fluorosis mimicking seronegative arthritis

Fluorosis is endemic in certain parts of the world, especially the Asian subcontinent (1). We report an unusual presentation of fluorosis mimicking seronegative spondyloarthritis. Although fluorosis is known to cause irritable bowel syndrome-like disorder and joint pain, this could be wrongly diagnosed as a case of seronegative arthritis. Case report A 35-year-old female presented with joint pain involving the lower back, both heels, and the knee for the past 3 years. She described early m