1. Introduction
Drinking water sources in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia contain fluoride (F) levels exceeding the World Health Organization (WHO) limit of 1.5 mg/L [1,2]. As a consequence, many people living in the region are severely affected by fluorosis [2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. In serious cases, dental fluorosis is manifested as brown mottling of the enamel and results in overall yellowing of the teeth with erosion of the enamel [2,8]. Skeletal fluorosis occurs when there is a high degree
Introduction
Fluorine is a necessary trace element for the normal development of human organs, but long-term exposure of fluorine will result a fluorosis [1,2]. Appropriate amount of fluoride has positive effects on teeth and bones, but long-term excessive intake can cause severe damage [3], leading to dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis [[4], [5], [6], [7]]. Patients with skeletal fluorosis display multiple bone lesions, such as osteoporosis, osteosclerosis, calcification of ligament
Data Availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to our research continues, such as exploring the mechanism of up regulation of HuR caused by fluorine. Hence, our original data will not be public temporarily. [REASON(S) WHY DATA ARE NOT PUBLIC] but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
References
Buzalaf MAR (2018) Review of fluoride intake and appropriateness of
1. Introduction
Voriconazole is a frequently used antifungal in the post-transplant setting and has been associated with periostitis with long-term use.( 1 ) The true prevalence of voriconazole-associated periostitis (VAP) is unknown; however, retrospective studies suggest this adverse effect may occur in up to 15% of patients on voriconazole.( 1 , 2 , 3 ) Risk factors for developing VAP are poorly understood, and treatment options are limited. VAP shares common clinical features with sub
Funding
The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [grant numbers No. 81972981, 82003401].
Introduction
Fluoride can induce the proliferation and activation of osteoblasts, resulting in skeletal fluorosis progression; however, the specific mechanism is unclear.
Methods
Cell proliferation was examined using the MTT assay. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the cell cycle distribution. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was calculated to evaluate bone formation and turnover. Gene methylation was examined using the MSP assay. mRNA and protein expression levels were assessed us
