Two studies investigated the association of fluoride exposure, including 1 cross-sectional and 1 case-control. In a cross-sectional study of fluoride exposure in 210 children in China, the investigators found increases of urine NAG and urine ?-GT levels (Liu et al., 2005). In case-control study of fluoride levels in 210 children in China, slightly higher urine NAG levels were found in participants with higher serum fluoride levels (Xiong et al., 2007). While both studies were from China, the f
Funders who supported this work.
Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences (1)
NIEHS NIH HHS (1)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (1)
National Science Foundation (2)
U.S. Department of State
US Forest Service
Discussion
Summary of main results
This review includes 38 studies of community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health, with a total of 119,789 children. Interventions were generally implemented for less than one year (n = 26), and about half (n = 11) of studies were randomised controlled trials. Investigators tested a variety of oral health promotion strategies: dietary interventions (n = 3), oral health education alone (n = 17), oral health education in comb
... it is not a question of if community water fluoridation should be discontinued, but if it is worth the risk of lowering the IQ of at least certain individuals for an intervention that we have a viable substitute. Fluoridated toothpastes will protect against caries, can be avoided or used in reduced quantities by pregnant women to minimize any exposures, and likely will not have any negative impact on the population intelligence. It is acknowledged that moving from community water fluorid
