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Research Studies
Study Tracker

Study Tracker

The most up-to-date and comprehensive source for studies on fluoride's multifaceted effects on human and animal health, with 100+ years of research organized by health category, type of study, author, journal, and date.
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Enhancement of inflammation by fluorides

Winter 1967 | Texas Reports on Biology and Medicine | Stone OJ, Willis CJ. | 25(4):601-6.
Application of ammonium fluoride under an occlusive patch to the abdomen of a rabbit converts a simple scratch into a double row of sterile pustules. Sodium fluoride produces a similar response, but ammonium chloride does not produce pustules. . . . It appears that tissue damage and the presence of fluorides result in the ‘sterile pustular response.’ This can be called ‘enhancement of inflammation.’ The concentration of fluoride used will not induce inflammation, but it will enhance inf

The effect of stannous fluoride and stannous chloride on inflammation

1968 | Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology | Stone OJ, Willis CJ. | 13: 332-38.
We believe that the metals and halogens that produce pustule along the scratch are damaging the body’s defenses against the mediators of inflammation and are therefore exaggerating the early cellular phase of inflammation… Dentrifices (toothpastes) are not made for prolonged contact with tissue; however, even brief exposure might influence preexisting oral pathology. Further clinical observations on the effects of fluoride dentrifices on oral inflammation are indicated.”