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Progress of Signaling Pathways, Stress Pathways and Epigenetics in the Pathogenesis of Skeletal Fluorosis.

1. Introduction Fluorine is one of the most common halogens, which usually exists in the environment as compounds. Fluorine or fluoride enters the human body primarily through drinking water, food, and air. Once absorbed into the bloodstream, it is easily transported throughout the body in the form of ions. More than 90% of absorbed fluoride is distributed in bone tissue, with the total amount of fluorine in a normal human body being approximately 2.6 g [1]. Fluoride has a dual effect on

Fluoride Exposure through Different Drinking Water Sources in a Contaminated Basin in Guanajuato, Mexico: A Deterministic Human Health Risk Assessment.

4. Discussion This study’s different results suggest past, present, and potentially future exposure to F- levels above the international drinking water guidelines, and that consequently represents a health risk for children and women whose drinking water source is the La Onza well or wells with similar F- concentrations in the CARL. Since convenience sampling is non-probabilistic, it cannot pretend to be representative of the whole population. However, we have no reasons to believe (althou