4. Discussion
Cellular senescence is a pathophysiologica l phase in which the cell cycle is arrested and cells stop growing. In recent years, cellular senescence has been widely highlighted as one of the pathogenesis mechanisms that regulate various diseases such as tumors, degenerative diseases, and chronic diseases [20]. The reason and mechanism of cell senescence are not fully understood. Oxidative stress is the main external cause of cell senescence that is more generally accepted. Cells
Abstract
Objective
: Fluoride exposure >1.5 mg/L from water has been associated with adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Little is known, however, about the effect of fluoride at levels consistent with water fluoridation (i.e., 0.7 mg/L) on pregnancy and birth outcomes. We examined the relationship between maternal fluoride exposure, fertility, and birth outcomes in a Canadian pregnancy cohort living in areas where municipal drinking water fluoride concentrations ranged from 0.04 to
Highlights
It is suggested that undernourished children may be more likely develop dental fluorosis.
Fluoride intake and excretion were measured in normal, wasted and stunted children.
Proportion of ingested fluoride excreted via urine was not related to nutritional status.
Nutritional status affected fingernail- but not toenail- fluoride concentration.
Abstract
Introduction
It has been suggested that undernourished children are more likely to develop d
