5. Conclusion
First, fluoride exposure during pregnancy and lactation may cause neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring mice, including abnormal expression of genes related to synaptic function, and aneurotransmitters’ accumulation; the magnitude and spectrum of response to fluoride exposure in parents and offspring are significantly different.
Second, in mice exposed to fluoride during gestation and lactation, metabolic accumulation of choline and arachidonic acid and their derivati
4. Discussion
... Fluoridation of drinking water has been implemented in multiple countries to promote dental health. These findings can help inform whether fluoridation practices are an optimal cost-effective measure to improve health. Even though fluoride can be excreted from the body within hours, a potential long-lasting endocrine-disrupting role of the chemical should be considered in future studies. In this study, we identified an environmental and modifiable potential risk factor for car
Fluoride has a well-documented role in the prevention and treatment of dental caries, but the mechanism is attributed to local effects on the tooth enamel surface rather than systemic effects. Fluoride is not considered essential for humans, no deficiencies are known, and no optimal range, which will not result in moderate fluorosis in some individuals, can be set. Recently, research studies have shown evidence for a relationship between fluoride intake and cognitive outcomes and interaction
Introduction
Osteoblasts are derived from mesenchymal progenitor cells and are the main functional cells for bone formation [[1], [2], [3]]. They are responsible for the synthesis, secretion and mineralization of bone matrix and can secrete various bioactive substances for bone formation and reconstruction [[1], [2], [3]]. In the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, uncontrolled reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and excessive oxidative injury will lead to significant damage and death of osteo
