Fluoride-induced apoptosis in non-skeletal tissues of experimental animals: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
July 28, 2023
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Heliyon
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Angwa LM, Nyadanu SD, Kanyugo AM, Adampah T, Pereira G.
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9(8):E18646.
1. Introduction
... Apoptosis is a highly regulated and programmed cell death characterized by specific biochemical and morphological features that culminate in cellular shrinkage to apoptotic bodies that are engulfed by neighboring macrophages [[12]]. This occurs without an accompanying inflammatory response. Characterized morphological changes accompanying apoptosis include cleavage of cytoskeletal filament fibers, cell cytoplasm, and nucleus condense, DNA fragmentation by the action of end