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The value of the hedgehog signal in osteoblasts in fluoride-induced bone-tissue injury.

Introduction Endemic fluorosis is a systemic, chronic, toxic disease characterized by skeletal fluorosis and dental fluorosis, which is caused by the long-term intake of fluorine by residents through drinking water, food, air, and other means that exceeds normal physiological needs. It is one of the most widespread and serious endemic diseases in China [1]. After the implementation of prevention and control measures, such as improvements to the water supply and to stoves, the prevalence

Toxicity and effect of whitening toothpastes on enamel surface.

Abstract This in vitro study evaluated the biocompatibility and abrasivity of whitening and conventional toothpastes. Samples of conventional (non-whitening) - Edel White Infant (EWI) - and whitening toothpastes - Edel White Whitening (EWW), Edel White CAREFORTE (EWC), Colgate Total 12 Ò Professional (C), and Oral-B Whitening (OB) - were dissolved in culture medium (0.2 g sample weight per mL). Human gingival fibroblasts (hGF) were placed in contact with different dilutions of culture