Dr. Hayes is the director of Dental Services, Division of Commonwealth Medicine, Office of Clinical Affairs, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; a clinical professor, Department of Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA; and a lecturer, Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA.
Dr. Douglass is a professor emeritus, Department of Or
Official citation: NTP (National Toxicology Program). 2016. Systematic Literature Review on the Effects of Fluoride on Learning and Memory in Animal Studies. NTP Research Report 1. Research Triangle Park, NC: National Toxicology Program.
Conclusion (page 59):
Very few studies assessed learning and memory effects in experimental animals (rats and mice) at exposure levels near 0.7 parts per million, the recommended level for community water fluoridation in the United States. At concentration
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2. Höchli D, Hersberger-Zurfluh M, Papageorgiou SN, Eliades T. Interventions for orthodontically induced white spot lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2017;39:122–33. - PubMed
3. Lenzi TL, Montagner AF, Soares FZ, de Oliveira Rocha R. Are topical fluorides e
Abstract
Fluorine has many beneficial features and applications but can cause toxicity at high doses. Herein,
we describe its chemical properties and benefits to agrochemical design as well as potential metabolic
liabilities and exposure assessment in vivo.
The use of fluorine in drugs and agricultural chemicals has greatly expanded since the first fluoro compound, fludrocortisone, was approved in 1955. In 2018–2019, 45% of small molecule drugs approved by the U.S.
Full text article online at https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2021/6662940/
Abstract
Objectives. To analyze changes in the dental fluorosis (DF) incidence according to a birth cohort and explore current exposure to DF in a case series.
Methods. Repeated cross-sectional study of two periods: 2015 and 2018. Two standardized examiners registered DF using the Thylstrup-Fejerskov index in permanent teeth of children aged 7–18 years. Period and birth cohort frequencies were estimated by a g
