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Abstract
Water fluoridation is a common but debated public policy. In this paper, we use Swedish registry data to study the causal effects of fluoride in drinking water. We exploit exogenous variation in natural fluoride stemming from variation in geological characteristics at water sources to identify its effects. First, we reconfirm the long-established positive effect of fluoride on dental health. Second, we estimate a zero effect on cognitive ability in contrast to several recent de
References
Benjamin, R.M. Oral health: The silent epidemic. Public Health Rep. 2010, 125, 158. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Ramos-Gomez, F.; Kinsler, J.; Askaryar, H. Understanding oral health disparities in children as a global public health issue: How dental health professionals can make a difference. J. Public Health Policy 2020, 41, 114–124. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Pitts, N.B.; Zero, D.T.; Marsh, P.D.; Ekstrand, K.; Weintraub, J.A.; Ramos-Gomez, F.; Taga
Excerpt
Discussion
... While our annual intervention reduced caries incidence, caries increment remains unacceptably high in this community, even in children who received it. These interventions are resource-intensive, so consideration should be given to proven cost-effective interventions such as the reintroduction of water fluoridation. If active interventions are needed, consideration should be given to expanding the roles of community health workers to deliver preventive programs, especial
Excerpt
4. Discussion
... In our study higher serum fluoride concentrations were associated with changes in liver related parameters. In all Pugh-Child score groups of analyzed patients with different stages of alcoholic liver cirrhosis, elevated levels of plasma fluoride, increased activities of both hepatic aminotransferases, ALT and AST, and total bilirubin concentration were shown. The risk of serious complications like esophageal varices, ascites and encephalopathy was high
