Furthermore, the PLS-R modelling results suggest that increased fluoride and ammonium concentration could also act as a sporulation trigger, at least for S. parasitica. The range of fluoride concentrations in freshwater is between 0.01 and 0.3 mg/L [57], which is in accordance with the average fluoride concentration of 0.1 mg/L in our dataset. The induction of sporulation by environmentally relevant fluoride concentrations could be explained as a response to unfavorable environmental condition
6. Fluoride
6.1. Main functions
Fluoride is the world's 13th most abundant element [151], being widely distributed in the environment, occurring in soils, rocks, and water: it is therefore naturally present in the food and drink we but its status as “essential” is debated.
It is well absorbed by the small intestine. and gets attached to bone and teeth, transforming apatite into fluoroapatite. Nearly 99% of the body's fluoride is bound strongly to calcified tissues. Fluoride in bone appe
Introduction
Fluorine is a necessary trace element for the normal development of human organs, but long-term exposure of fluorine will result a fluorosis [1,2]. Appropriate amount of fluoride has positive effects on teeth and bones, but long-term excessive intake can cause severe damage [3], leading to dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis [[4], [5], [6], [7]]. Patients with skeletal fluorosis display multiple bone lesions, such as osteoporosis, osteosclerosis, calcification of ligament
References
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Leng, B., Jin, Y., Li, G., Chen, L. & Jin, N
Although suicide is considered a major preventable cause of mortality worldwide, we do not have effective strategies to prevent it. Lithium has been consistently associated with lowering risk of suicide. This effect could occur at very low concentrations, such as trace doses of lithium in tap water. Several ecological studies and recent meta-analysis have suggested an inverse association between lithium in water and suicide in the general population, with a lack of knowledge of clinically si
Funding
The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [grant numbers No. 81972981, 82003401].
