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Fluoride Induced Down-regulation of IKBKG Gene Expression Inhibits Hepatocytes Senescence.

4. Discussion Cellular senescence is a pathophysiologica l phase in which the cell cycle is arrested and cells stop growing. In recent years, cellular senescence has been widely highlighted as one of the pathogenesis mechanisms that regulate various diseases such as tumors, degenerative diseases, and chronic diseases [20]. The reason and mechanism of cell senescence are not fully understood. Oxidative stress is the main external cause of cell senescence that is more generally accepted. Cells

Human cultured IMR-32 neuronal-like and U87 glial-like cells have different patterns of toxicity under fluoride exposure.

When comparing the F-induced toxicity on neurons and glial cells, it is important to highlight that most studies have used neurons and only two have investigate de glial cells behavior after F exposure [21, 36]. The effect of F on neuronal cell viability is inconsistent across the studies with doses ranging from 18.09 ?g/mL to 36.18 ?g/mL while glia/astrocytes seems to shown decreased cell viability above 19 ?g/mL. As our study is the first one to compare both types of cells facing the same para