Introduction
Fluoride can induce the proliferation and activation of osteoblasts, resulting in skeletal fluorosis progression; however, the specific mechanism is unclear.
Methods
Cell proliferation was examined using the MTT assay. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the cell cycle distribution. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was calculated to evaluate bone formation and turnover. Gene methylation was examined using the MSP assay. mRNA and protein expression levels were assessed us
1. Introduction
Drinking water sources in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia contain fluoride (F) levels exceeding the World Health Organization (WHO) limit of 1.5 mg/L [1,2]. As a consequence, many people living in the region are severely affected by fluorosis [2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. In serious cases, dental fluorosis is manifested as brown mottling of the enamel and results in overall yellowing of the teeth with erosion of the enamel [2,8]. Skeletal fluorosis occurs when there is a high degree
1. Introduction
Voriconazole is a frequently used antifungal in the post-transplant setting and has been associated with periostitis with long-term use.( 1 ) The true prevalence of voriconazole-associated periostitis (VAP) is unknown; however, retrospective studies suggest this adverse effect may occur in up to 15% of patients on voriconazole.( 1 , 2 , 3 ) Risk factors for developing VAP are poorly understood, and treatment options are limited. VAP shares common clinical features with sub
Objectives
Evidence for affordable and pragmatic programmes to address the burden of untreated tooth decay in children in low- and middle-income settings is limited. This study aimed to (1) assess the effect of a government-run, school-based daily group toothbrushing programme compared to standard school-based oral health education on the incidence of dental caries and odontogenic infections in Filipino children over a period of 3 years; and (2) assess the additional preventive e
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