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Association of Dietary Calcium Intake with Dental, Skeletal and Non-Skeletal Fluorosis among Women in the Ethiopian Rift Valley.

1. Introduction Drinking water sources in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia contain fluoride (F) levels exceeding the World Health Organization (WHO) limit of 1.5 mg/L [1,2]. As a consequence, many people living in the region are severely affected by fluorosis [2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. In serious cases, dental fluorosis is manifested as brown mottling of the enamel and results in overall yellowing of the teeth with erosion of the enamel [2,8]. Skeletal fluorosis occurs when there is a high degree

Fluoride induces hypomethylation of BMP2 and activates osteoblasts through the Wnt/B-catenin signaling pathway.

Introduction Fluorine is a necessary trace element for the normal development of human organs, but long-term exposure of fluorine will result a fluorosis [1,2]. Appropriate amount of fluoride has positive effects on teeth and bones, but long-term excessive intake can cause severe damage [3], leading to dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis [[4], [5], [6], [7]]. Patients with skeletal fluorosis display multiple bone lesions, such as osteoporosis, osteosclerosis, calcification of ligament

Fluoride-Induced Sperm Damage and HuR-Mediated Excessive Apoptosis and Autophagy in Spermatocytes.

Data Availability The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to our research continues, such as exploring the mechanism of up regulation of HuR caused by fluorine. Hence, our original data will not be public temporarily. [REASON(S) WHY DATA ARE NOT PUBLIC] but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. References Buzalaf MAR (2018) Review of fluoride intake and appropriateness of

Voriconazole-Associated Periostitis: New Insights into Pathophysiology and Management.

1. Introduction Voriconazole is a frequently used antifungal in the post-transplant setting and has been associated with periostitis with long-term use.( 1 ) The true prevalence of voriconazole-associated periostitis (VAP) is unknown; however, retrospective studies suggest this adverse effect may occur in up to 15% of patients on voriconazole.( 1 , 2 , 3 ) Risk factors for developing VAP are poorly understood, and treatment options are limited. VAP shares common clinical features with sub