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Research Studies
Study Tracker

Study Tracker

The most up-to-date and comprehensive source for studies on fluoride's multifaceted effects on human and animal health, with 100+ years of research organized by health category, type of study, author, journal, and date.
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Chemical pathology of homocysteine. IV. Excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation.

July 2009 | Annals of Clinical Laboratory Science | McCully KS. | 39(3):219-32.
Fluoride is a toxic anion that stimulates oxygen consumption [64] and increases superoxide production in resting polymorphonuclear leukocytes [65]. Intracellular calcium ions are required for superoxide production by neutrophils during phagocytosis [66]. The effect of fluoride on superoxide production in neutrophils is reversible, causing superoxide production in the presence of fluoride, decreasing superoxide production when fluoride is removed, and restoring superoxide production when fluoride