References
Ahmad MN, VandenBerg LJL, Shah HU, Masood T, Büker P, Emberson L, Ashmore M (2012) Hydrogen fluoride damage to vegetation from peri-urban brick kilns in Asia: a growing but unrecognised problem? Environ Pollut 162:319–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.11.017 - DOI
Alves ES, Moura BB, Pedroso ANV, Tresmondi F, Domingos M (2011) The efficiency of tobacco Bel-W3 and native species for ozone biomonitoring in sub-tropical climate, as revealed by
Introduction
Endemic fluorosis is a systemic, chronic, toxic disease characterized by skeletal fluorosis and dental fluorosis, which is caused by the long-term intake of fluorine by residents through drinking water, food, air, and other means that exceeds normal physiological needs. It is one of the most widespread and serious endemic diseases in China [1]. After the implementation of prevention and control measures, such as improvements to the water supply and to stoves, the prevalence
References
Spencer AJ, Do LG. Caution needed in altering the ‘optimum’ fluoride concentration in drinking water. Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2016;44(2):101-8.
Hong L, Levy SM, Broffitt B, Warren JJ, Kanellis MJ, Wefel JS, Dawson DV. Timing of fluoride intake in relation to development of fluorosis on maxillary central incisors. Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2006;34(4):299-309.
Mascarenhas AK. Risk factors for dental fluorosis: a review of the recent literature. Pediatr Dent. 200
Conclusions
From the data of this study and the findings of other earlier studies, we can conclude that operating room personnel exposures to WAG are associated with changes in blood levels of IgG and IgM, total lymphocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ subtypes, and accordingly, in CD4:CD8 ratios. It is quite possible these changes would likely be associated with immune dysfunction in these WAG-exposed hosts. As it is not yet clear if this might be reflected as reduced host resistance and/or an increased r
Excerpts
Introduction
Inorganic fluoride can naturally occur in the environment or be introduced through industrial processes or fluoride supplementation programs. A primary method of fluoride supplementation is community water fluoridation, which refers to the practice of adding fluoridation chemicals to drinking water for the purpose of controlling dental caries. Ingestion of fluoridated drinking water is a major source of fluoride intake [1, 2].
As of 2017, approximately 39%
