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Research Studies
Study Tracker

Study Tracker

The most up-to-date and comprehensive source for studies on fluoride's multifaceted effects on human and animal health, with 100+ years of research organized by health category, type of study, author, journal, and date.
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Widespread genetic switches and toxicity resistance proteins for fluoride

January 13,, 2012 | Science | Baker JL, Sudarsan N, Weinberg Z, Roth A, Stockbridge RB, Breaker RR. | 335(6065):233-235.
Abstract Most riboswitches are metabolite-binding RNA structures located in bacterial messenger RNAs where they control gene expression. We have discovered a riboswitch class in many bacterial and archaeal species whose members are selectively triggered by fluoride but reject other small anions, including chloride. These fluoride riboswitches activate expression of genes that encode putative fluoride transporters, enzymes that are known to be inhibited by fluoride, and additional pr