1. Introduction
Fluoride is a widespread environmental pollution, and groundwater is the major source of exposure in which the fluoride concentration can be as high as 35 ppm (Petrone et al., 2013). Fluorosis induced by geological origin is a serious public health concern in 28 nations particularly in India and China (Rafique et al., 2015). In India, 230 districts of 20 states are at risk of a high level of fluoride in drinking water (Srivastava and Flora, 2020). In China, almost all the provi
Availability of data and materials
The datasets used and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on request.
Notes
adjusted to EU19 prices (5).
The probability of receiving an amalgam given that you received an extraction at your previous visit is of course zero.
Abbreviations
CWF: Community water fluoridation
PWS: Public water supply
EPA: Environmental Protection Agency Ireland
WTS: Wate
5. Fluorine (F)
According to some researchers, fluorine is a microelement needed for proper development. However, in the case of this element, it is important to determine its concentration in
the human body, because the difference between the tolerated dose and the toxic dose is very small [110].
Fluorides (F-), the ionic form of fluorine, in trace amounts are essential for the proper development of the bones and the teeth [111]. They stimulate the proliferation of osteoblasts
and inhibit
3.2. Baseline Dental Fluorosis
The proportion of severe dental fluorosis among all women included in this trial was 10.3%; and the proportion of women with moderate dental fluorosis was 29.5% (30.8% in the intervention and 28.2% in the control groups). Overall, more than half, 57.7% (64.1% in the intervention and 51.3% in the control groups) of the study women had very mild to severe dental fluorosis level. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of dental fluorosis
grzegorzew-2021.supplmentary
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Discussion
The principal findings of this study were that enflurane affected performance on these tests in a manner qualitatively similar to, though quantitatively different from, halothane. Since the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), an index of anesthetic potency, is about twice as high for enflurane as for halothane, comparison of the same trace amounts of each agent would be expected to show a smaller effect of enflurane. This was found in these studies. In addition, the end-expired c
READERS of this periodical were probably intrigued when, in 1971, almost an entire issue was devoted to studies in volunteers of a new anesthetic, isoflurane (Forane), a novel and useful editorial departure. Since then, a series of reports in the Journal has cast further light on some of the more arcane properties of this heavily fluorinated ether. Why then is this well-studied drug not yet available for clinical use, while its isomer, enflurane, has been accorded official approval? How and when
