Research Studies
Research Topics & Databases
Pesticides: D – E

Pesticides

The most comprehensive database for fluorinated pesticides, including the inorganic compounds Cryolite and Sulfuryl Fluoride, as well as hundreds of organo-fluorine compounds that may well prove to be as toxic, or more toxic, than the chlorinated pesticides they are replacing.

Pesticides: D – E

The List of Fluorinated and Fluoride Pesticides
Beginning with
D – E 

Note: The information on the pesticides was current as of 2007 –  FAN intends to update this throughout 2012-2013.

PESTICIDE ADVERSE EFFECTS REGISTERED FOR USE
Demethylnorflurazon
  • CAS No. 112748-69-3
  • Breakdown product of Norflurazon (Pyridazinone)
 As of September 2003: no accessible tox info. EPA Registered: Yes (Norflurazon is registered)
DFP(Diisopropyl 
fluorophosphate)
  • CAS No. 55-91-4
  • Insecticide
    (organophosphate)
 See effects
  • Apoptosis
  • Ataxia
  • Blood
  • Brain
  • CNS
  • Endocrine: Pituitary
  • Heart
  • Sciatic Nerve
 EPA Registered: No
DFDT(Difluorodiphenyl trichloroethane)
  • CAS No. 475-26-3
  • Insecticide
    (Halogenated organic)
 As of February 2005: no accessible tox info. EPA Registered: No
Dichlofluanid
  • CAS No. 1085-98-9
  • Acaricide, Fungicide, Wood Preservative
 See effects
  • Blood
  • Bone- Cranial osteosclerosis
  • Brain
  • Carginogenic
  • Endocrine: Ovary; Vitellogenesis
  • Endocrine: Pituitary
  • Endocrine: Suspected Disruptor
  • Endocrine: Testicular
  • Endocrine: Thyroid
  • Genotoxic – Potent Cytoxicant
  • Kidney
  • Liver

Environmental:

  • Highly toxic to aquatic organisms

Contamination:
2001 – Denmark:
The wood preservativeRentolin was sold in Denmark with no warning against indoor uses. Around 200 people used Rentolin indoors and suffered serious injury. Many houses are now uninhabitable, and several people suffer from chronic diseases.

 EPA Registered: No
  • Registered use in: Australia, China, Denmark, Germany, Hungry, Japan, New Zealand, Portugal, South Africa, Taiwan, UK
  • European Commission: Not allowed to be used as an active ingredient after July 25, 2003.
Dichlorodifluoro methane(Freon 12)
  • CAS No. 75-71-8
  • Insecticide, Fungicide, Propellant (Halogenated organic)
  • EPA List 2 Inert
 See effects
  • Ataxia
  • Brain
  • CNS
  • Heart
  • Leukemia
  • Liver
  • Lung
  • Tremors/Convulsions

Environmental:

  • Ozone depleting substance
  • Very resistant to chemical and biological degradation and likely to be a persistent contaminant if it reaches groundwater.
  • Bioconcentration in organisms is low to moderate.

A 4-yr-old boy, playing with an antiperspirant deodorant in the bathtub, inhaled the propellants, 50.5% trichloromonofluoromethane (fluorocarbon 11) and 43%dichlorodifluoromethane (fluorocarbon 12), became deeply unconscious with no spontaneous respiration, and no cerebral activity, and died 5 days later.
Ref: Accidental death of child playing with deodorant aerosol. REFERENCE:
Lancet; VOL 1 ISS Apr 8 1978; Letter by IG Jefferson.

 EPA Registered: Yes
  • Also List 2 Inert
  • Registered use in: US – Because this is an “Inert”, the public is not allowed to know which crops it is used on.
Dichlorofluoromethane(Freon 21)
  • CAS No. 75-43-4
  • Propellant (Halogenated organic)
  • EPA List 2 Inert
 See effects
  • Ataxia
  • Blood
  • Bone
  • Carcinogen
  • CNS
  • Endocrine: Testicular
  • Heart
  • Kidney
  • Leukemia
  • Liver
  • Lung
  • Pancreas
  • Reproductive
  • Tremors

Environmental:

  • Ozone depleting substance
 EPA Registered: Yes
  • List 2 Inert
  • Registered use in: US – Because this is an “Inert”, the public is not allowed to know which crops it is used on.
Dichlorotetrafluoroethane
(Cryofluorane,
Freon 114)
  • CAS No. 76-14-2
  • Propellant
  • Former EPA List 2 Inert
 See effects
  • Brain
  • Carcinogen
  • CNS
  • Heart
  • Lung

Environmental:

  • Ozone depleting substance
 EPA Registered: No
Diclosulam
  • CAS No. 145701-21-9
  • Herbicide (Triazolopyrimidine)
 See effects
  • Body Weight Decrease
  • Kidney
  • Liver
 EPA Registered: Yes
  • Registered use in: US
Difenopenten
  • CAS No. 81416-44-6
  • Herbicide (Phenoxy)
 As of February 2005: no Tox data available. EPA Registered: No
Difenopentenethyl
  • CAS No. 71101-05-8
  • Herbicide (Phenoxy)
 As of February 2005: no Tox data available. EPA Registered: No
Diflovidazin
  • CAS No. 162320-67-4
  • Acaricide, Insecticide
See effectsEnvironmental:
  • Very toxic to aquatic organisms
 EPA Registered: No
  • Registered use in: Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Morocco, Ecuador, Uzbekistan, United Arab Emirates.
Diflubenzuron
  • CAS No. 35367-38-5
  • Chemosterilant, Insecticide, Acaricide (Benzoylurea)
 See effects
  • Cancer: Co-mutagenic potential
  • Endocrine: Suspected Disruptor
  • Endocrine: Testicular

Effects attributed to diflubenzuron metabolites, particularly PCA (4-Chloroaniline):

  • Bone
  • Blood
  • Cancer: Spleen, Liver due to metabolite 4-chloroaniline
  • Endocrine: Adrenal
  • Liver
  • Spleen

NOTE: Chloroaniline, p (or 4-chloroaniline) is a metabolite of Diflubenzuron. In 2006, USEPA classified chloroaniline, p as a “Group B2 — Probable Human Carcinogen.” – SPLEEN, ADRENAL, LIVER

Environmental:

  • Acute aquatic toxicity

Effects attributed to PCA (4-Chloroaniline) a metabolite of diflubenzuron:

  • Bone
  • Blood
  • Cancer: Spleen, Liver due to metabolite 4-chloroaniline
  • Endocrine: Adrenal
  • Liver
  • Spleen

 

 EPA Registered: Yes
  • Registered use in: Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Hungary, India, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Portugal, Taiwan, UK, US

 

  • Africa: Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Chad, Gambia, Gunina-Bissau, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania
  • US – Permitted in or on over 400 food commodities, including:
Diflufenican
  • CAS No. 83164-33-4
  • Herbicide (Anilide)
 See effects
  • Body Weight Decrease
  • Bone
  • Cholesterol
  • Endocrine: Testicular
  • Endocrine: Thymus
  • Liver

Environmental:

  • Highly persistent in soil and water
  • “Diflufenican/isoproturon” ranked number 6 for “Most Widely used pesticides in the UK (by Area Treated)”
 EPA Registered: No
  • Registered use in: Australia, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Portugal, South Africa, Tanzania, UK, Vietnam
Diflufenzopyr
  • CAS No. 109293-97-2
  • Herbicide (Urea)
 See effects
  • Anemia
  • Body Weight Decrease
  • Bone
  • Brain
  • Endocrine: Testicular
  • Endocrine: Thymus
  • Kidney
  • Lung
  • Spleen

Environmental:

  • A metabolite of diflufenzopyr known as M9 – persistent in soil and water.
 EPA Registered: Yes
  • Registered use in: Canada, US
Diflufenzopyrsodium
  • CAS No. 109293-98-3
  • Herbicide (Urea)
 September 2003: all available tox studies focus on Diflufenzopyr. EPA Registered: Yes
Diflumetorim
  • CAS No. 130339-07-0
  • Fungicide (Pyrimidine)
 As of February 2005: no Tox data available. EPA Registered: No
1,1-Difluoroethane
  • CAS No. 75-37-6
  • Propellent
  • EPA List 2 Inert
 See effects
  • Blood
  • Heart
  • Kidney
  • Mutagenic
 EPA Registered: Yes
  • List 2 Inert
  • Registered use in: US – Because this is an “Inert”, the public is not allowed to know which crops it is used on.
1,2-Difluoroethane
  • CAS No. 624-72-6
  • EPA List 2 Inert
 See Effects:
  • Blood
  • Heart
  • Kidney
 EPA Registered: Yes
  • List 2 Inert
  • Registered use in: US – Because this is an “Inert”, the public is not allowed to know which crops it is used on.
Dimefluthrin
  • CAS No. 271241-14-6
  • Insecticide (pyrethroid)
 New pesticide in November 2003.No Tox data available as of Feb 2005. EPA Registered: No
Dimefox
  • CAS No. 115-26-4
  • Acaricide, Insecticide (Organophosphate)
  • WHO: believed obsolete or discontinued
 See effects
  • Brain
  • CNS
  • Genotoxic

Environmental:

  • Toxic to Bees
 EPA Registered: No
  • Registered use in: India
  • Banned in: Thailand
  • European Commission: Not allowed to be used as an active ingredient after July 25, 2003.
Dinitramine
  • CAS No. 29091-05-2
  • Herbicide

(2,6-Dinitroaniline)

 As of February 2005: very little Tox data available.See effectsEnvironmental:
  • Moderately to Highly Toxic to Fish
 EPA Registered: No
  • US tolerances revoked in 1995
  • Registered use in: Taiwan
  • European Commission: Not allowed to be used as an active ingredient after July 25, 2003.
5H-1,3- Dioxolo[4,5-f] benzimidazole,
6-chloro-5-[
(3,5-dimethyl-4- isoxazolyl)sulfonyl]
-2,2-difluoro
  • CAS No. 188027-78-3
  • EPA Inert List 4B
 As of February 2005: no Tox data available EPA Registered: Yes
  • US EPA Inert List 4B
  • Registered use in: US – Because this is an “Inert”, the public is not allowed to know which crops it is used on.
Dithiopyr
  • CAS No. 97886-45-8
  • Herbicide (Pyridine)
 See effects
  • Body Weight Decrease
  • Endocrine: Adrenal
  • Endocrine: Ovary
  • Endocrine: Testicular
  • Endocrine: Thymus
  • Endocrine: Thyroid
  • Endocrine: Uterus
  • Kidney
  • Liver
  • Lung
  • Spleen

Environmental:

  • Fish: Moderately to Highly Toxic
  • Zooplankton: Highly Toxic
 EPA Registered: Yes
  • Registered use in: Australia, Canada, US
Epoxiconazole
  • CAS No. 135319-73-2 or 133855-98-8
  • former CAS No. 106325-08-0)
  • Fungicide
 See effects
  • Body Weight Decrease
  • Bone
  • Cancer: LIVER
  • Endocrine: Adrenal
  • Endocrine: Ovary
  • Endocrine: Pituitary-Adrenal axis
  • Endocrine: Suspected Disruptor
  • Liver

Environmental:

  • European Commission: Banned. Low degradability, toxic to water-living organisms and endocrine effects. 1997.
  • Epoxiconazole ranked number 14 for “Most Widely used pesticides in the UK (by Area Treated)”
 EPA Registered: YES for import tolerances.
  • Registered use in: Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, New Zealand, Vietnam, South Africa, Taiwan, UK
  • Banned: Norway
  • US: Import tolerances Banana, Coffee
Ethalfluralin
  • CAS No. 55283-68-6
  • Herbicide (2,6-Dinitroaniline)
 See effects
  • Adverse Effects:
  • Ataxia
  • Bladder
  • Blood
  • Body Weight Decrease
  • Bone (including Cleft Palate)
  • Cancer: Possible Human Carcinogen – BREAST, BLADDER, KIDNEY
  • Cholesterol
  • Clastogenic /Mutgenic
  • Developmental toxicant
  • Endocrine: Breast
  • Endocrine: Ovary
  • Kidney
  • Liver
  • Teratogen
  • Environmental

Environmental:

  • Persists in soil
  • Highly to very highly toxic to rainbow trout and bluegill sunfish.
  • Highly toxic to marine/estuarine fish, mollusks, and shrimp on an acute basis
  • Endangered species levels of concern are exceeded for freshwater organisms and estuarine/marine invertebrates
 EPA Registered: Yes
  • Registered use in: Canada, Hungary, US
Ethiprole
  • CAS No. 181587-01-9
  • Insecticide (Pyrazole)
 As of February 2005: no Tox data available EPA Registered: No
  • Registered use in: Japan
Ethoxyfen
  • CAS No. 188634-90-4
  • Herbicide (Diphenyl ether)
 As of February 2005: no Tox data available EPA Registered: No
Ethoxyfen-ethyl
  • CAS No. 131086-42-5
  • Herbicide (Diphenyl ether)
 As of February 2005: no Tox data available EPA Registered: No
  • Registered use in: Hungary
Ethylene
fluorohydrin
  • CAS No. 371-62-0
  • Rodenticide
 See effects
  • Bone
  • Endocrine: Uterus
  • Heart
  • Kidney
  • Teratogen
 EPA Registered: No
Etoxazole
  • CAS No. 153233-91-1
  • Acaricide, Miticide, Ovicide  (Unclassified)
 See effects
  • Anemia
  • Body Weight Decrease
  • Bone
  • Endocrine: Adrenal
  • Endocrine: Prostate
  • Endocrine: Testicular
  • Genotoxic
  • Kidney
  • Liver
  • Mutagenicity
  • Teeth

Environmental:

  • Very highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates
 EPA Registered: Yes
  • Registered use in:
  • France, Israel, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Turkey, South Africa, US