Table 1. Fluoride (mg/l) content of well water samples in the different regions.
Sample
Region
Location
Fluoride (mg/l)
P1
Had Soualem-Berrechid
Had Soualem
1.400
P2
Had Soualem-Berrechid
Had Soualem
6.580
P3
Had Soualem-Berrechid
Harcha
0.400
P4
Had Soualem-Berrechid
Ouled Bouziri
2.550
P5
Kenitra
Douar Bourhma
0.790
P6
Kenitra
Douar Bourhma
0.530
P7
Kenitra
Douar Bourhma
1.660
P8
Kenitra
Kenitra
0.530
P9
Introduction
Fluoride (F-) is an inorganic ion naturally present in the environment. However, rising F- levels due to anthropogenic activities can be toxic to several plants and animal taxa (Camargo, 2003). As F can cross the blood-brain barrier, the central nervous system is particularly sensitive to overexposure to this ion (Harrison and Gerstein, 2002). Previous studies showed that F- not only alters learning and memory formation but can also impair neurotransmission, and induce oxid
1. Introduction
Vegetable beverages have been consumed throughout history as substitutes for cow’s milk. Vegetable beverages are extracts from legumes, seeds, cereals, etc. in water whose appearance resembles cow’s milk. There is a great variety, although soy drinks are the most consumed [1]. Consumption and production of vegetable beverages have been increasing. According to an estimation made at the 38th National Congress of the Spanish Society of Primary Care Physicians (SEMERGEN) in 201
3.2. Bone biochemistry
Among the nine subjects with fluorosis, 5/9(Patient Number 1 to 5) (55.5%) had vitamin D deficiency and 4/9 (44.4%) had secondary hyperparathyroidism. Five patients(Patient Number 1 to 5) were also noted to have a component of osteomalacia as reflected by the elevated alkaline phosphatase. The mean(SD) urine fluoride was 2.9(1.4) ppm. The other bone biochemical parameters and urine fluoride are depicted in Table 2.
References
Rasool A, Farooqi A, Xiao T, Ali W, Noor S, Abiola O, Ali S, Nasim W (2018) A review of global outlook on fluoride contamination in groundwater with prominence on the Pakistan current situation. Environ Geochem Health 40:1265–1281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-017-0054-z
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Lennon MA, Whelton H, O’Mullane D, Ekstrand J (2004) Fluoride. Rolling revision of the WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality. World Health Orga
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