References
Lu, Y.; Sun, Z.R.; Wu, L.N.; Wang, X.; Lu, W.; Liu, S.S. Effect of High-Fluoride Water on Intelligence in Children. Fluoride 2000, 33, 74–78. [Google Scholar]
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Background:
Excessive exposure to fluoride can reduce intelligence. Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, cyclohydrolase, and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase 1 (MTHFD1) polymorphisms have important roles in neurodevelopment. However, the association of MTHFD1 polymorphisms with children's intelligence changes in endemic fluorosis areas has been rarely explored.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in four randomly selected primary schools in Tongxu County, Henan Province,
Conclusions
In this manuscript, we present a simple graphical plot/tabular tool which allows clinicians to gauge the overall exposure of their patients to fluoride-containing products with respect to both acute and chronic toxicities. This tool will undoubtedly also assist clinicians who wish to discuss these issues with adult patients, and parents of child patients, about fluoride anion, fluoride adducts, and their potential, albeit very unlikely, toxic effects.
After over 100 years of discov
Discussion
The present systematic review showed that the mean contribution of F-containing dental care products, mainly toothpastes, is 38% regardless of the age of children or F concentration in drinking water. These data are slightly lower than those published earlier by Paiva et al. [26], reporting a 65% contribution. The difference may be either due to the method of collecting data or to evolution of the use of less fluoridated toothpastes.
The contribution of F
2.3.6.IQ Suppression as Function of As and F Concentrations in Drinking Water
This study focusses on the neurotoxic effect of As and F in child cognitive development as an example of one health and economic impact from exposure. The thresholds at which negative health effects occur and the shape of the dose-response curve for a given neurotoxin are uncertain. A general feature, however, of some well constrained dose-response curves of inorganic neurotoxins (i.e., lead (Pb)) is t
Data availability
The authors are stating that all data included in the manuscript will be available and transparent for interested users.
References
Ahmad, M. N., van den Berg, L. J., Shah, H. U., Masood, T., Buker, P., Emberson, L., & Ashmore, M. (2012). Hydrogen fluoride damage to vegetation from peri-urban brick kilns in Asia: A growing but unrecognised problem? Environmental Pollution, 162, 319–324.
CAS Article Google Scholar
Alvarez-Ayuso
Introduction
Fluorosis has become a public health problem worldwide. Excessive fluoride intake can disrupt the processes of bone formation and resorption, which may lead to bone turnover disorders and further result in skeletal fluorosis (1). More than 16.1 million dental fluorosis patients and 1.8 million patients with skeletal fluorosis have been reported in the Chinese province of Guizhou. Patients with skeletal fluorosis experience persistent pain and bone and joint damage. They are physica
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