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Fluoride affects memory by altering the transcriptional activity in the central nervous system of Lymnaea stagnalis.

Introduction Fluoride (F-) is an inorganic ion naturally present in the environment. However, rising F- levels due to anthropogenic activities can be toxic to several plants and animal taxa (Camargo, 2003). As F can cross the blood-brain barrier, the central nervous system is particularly sensitive to overexposure to this ion (Harrison and Gerstein, 2002). Previous studies showed that F- not only alters learning and memory formation but can also impair neurotransmission, and induce oxid

Fluoride Exposure from Soybean Beverage Consumption: A Toxic Risk Assessment.

1. Introduction Vegetable beverages have been consumed throughout history as substitutes for cow’s milk. Vegetable beverages are extracts from legumes, seeds, cereals, etc. in water whose appearance resembles cow’s milk. There is a great variety, although soy drinks are the most consumed [1]. Consumption and production of vegetable beverages have been increasing. According to an estimation made at the 38th National Congress of the Spanish Society of Primary Care Physicians (SEMERGEN) in 201