-

Recent Biomarkers for Monitoring the Systemic Fluoride Levels in Exposed Populations: A Systematic Review.

References Yadav, K.K.; Kumar, S.; Pham, Q.B.; Gupta, N.; Rezania, S.; Kamyab, H.; Yadav, S.; Vymazal, J.; Kumar, V.; Tri, D.Q.; et al. Fluoride contamination, health problems and remediation methods in Asian groundwater: A comprehensive review. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2019, 182, 109362. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] World Health Organization. Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality: Fourth Edition Incorporating First Addendum; WHO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2017. [Google Scholar]

Fluoride enhances generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, oxidizes hemoglobin, lowers antioxidant power and inhibits transmembrane electron transport in isolated human red blood cells.

References Abbas et al., 2017. M. Abbas, M.H. Siddiqi, K. Khan, K. Zahra, A.U. NaqviHaematological evaluation of sodium fluoride toxicity in oryctolagus cunniculus. Toxicol. Rep., 4 (2017), pp. 450-454. Article. Adedara et al., 2017. I.A. Adedara, T.J.D. Ojuade, B.F. Olabiyi, U.F. Idris, E.M. Onibiyo, O.F. Ajeigbe, E.O. Farombi. Taurine ameliorates oxidative damage and thyroid dysfunction in rats chronically exposed to fluoride. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 175 (2) (2017), pp. 388-3

Engineered fluoride sensitivity enables biocontainment and selection of genetically-modified yeasts

References Hayden, E. C. Synthetic-biology firms shift focus. Nature 505, 598 (2014). ADS  PubMed  Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar Li, M. & Borodina, I. Application of synthetic biology for production of chemicals in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res. 15, 1–12 (2015). PubMed  Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar Collins, J. J. & Khalil, A. S. Synthetic biology: applications come of age. Nat. Rev. Genet. 11, 367

Causes of Tooth Decay

A special germ, deficient diet and predisposing conditions in the mouth combine to foster decay of teeth, according to Drs. F. E. Rodriguez and R.A. Kelser, of the Army Medical School, Washington. Dr. Rodriguez has found that an individual germ of the lactic acid family is the one responsible for the piercing of the hard enamel of the teeth and exposing the soft dentine inside to many different types of bacteria. It thrives in an acid medium, and itself produces an acid condition. The germs a