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Effects of fluoride on the proliferation and activation of osteoblasts by regulating methylation of the DNA repair genes MGMT and MLH1.

Introduction Fluoride can induce the proliferation and activation of osteoblasts, resulting in skeletal fluorosis progression; however, the specific mechanism is unclear. Methods Cell proliferation was examined using the MTT assay. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the cell cycle distribution. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was calculated to evaluate bone formation and turnover. Gene methylation was examined using the MSP assay. mRNA and protein expression levels were assessed us

Environmental exposures and pediatric kidney function and disease: A systematic review.

Two studies investigated the association of fluoride exposure, including 1 cross-sectional and 1 case-control. In a cross-sectional study of fluoride exposure in 210 children in China, the investigators found increases of urine NAG and urine ?-GT levels (Liu et al., 2005). In case-control study of fluoride levels in 210 children in China, slightly higher urine NAG levels were found in participants with higher serum fluoride levels (Xiong et al., 2007). While both studies were from China, the f

WITHDRAWN: Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health.

Discussion Summary of main results This review includes 38 studies of community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health, with a total of 119,789 children. Interventions were generally implemented for less than one year (n = 26), and about half (n = 11) of studies were randomised controlled trials. Investigators tested a variety of oral health promotion strategies: dietary interventions (n = 3), oral health education alone (n = 17), oral health education in comb