When comparing the F-induced toxicity on neurons and glial cells, it is important to highlight that most studies have used neurons and only two have investigate de glial cells behavior after F exposure [21, 36]. The effect of F on neuronal cell viability is inconsistent across the studies with doses ranging from 18.09 ?g/mL to 36.18 ?g/mL while glia/astrocytes seems to shown decreased cell viability above 19 ?g/mL. As our study is the first one to compare both types of cells facing the same para
The American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs Expert Panel on Topical Fluoride Caries Preventive Agents acknowledges the efforts of the following people and their commitment in helping complete this project:
• Dr. Rocky Napier, Aiken, S.C., American Dental Association (ADA) Council on Access, Prevention, and Interprofessional Relations (CAPIR) liaison;
• Ms. Jane McGinley, manager, Fluoridation and Preventive Health Activities, CAPIR, ADA, Chicago, ADA CAPIR staff l
ABSTRACT: The mammalian central nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord. The brain is protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that allows selective traffic of substances into the brain. Fluoride is a highly toxic and reactive element. We get exposed to fluoride due to its common use in toothpaste, dental gels, non-stick pans, razor blades, etc. Fluoride also enters our food chain through fishes that are cultivated in water bodies, which get contaminated with fluoride from
3. Results
3.1. Population Characteristics
The study sample had an approximately equal proportion of males (49%) and females (51%). The mean age was 32 years old, 73% were white, and 50% of the sample reported a high school, trade school, or college degree, while the other 50% reported a university degree or higher. The mean household income was $87,700 (median = $73,000) and the mean BMI was 24. Most demographic variables, including sex, age, and highest household education, had less than
Background: Previous systematic reviews of epidemiology studies have found support for a geographical association between high levels of naturally occurring fluoride in water (>1.5 ppm) and lower IQ in children. Most of the evidence from humans is from fluoride-endemic regions having higher background levels of fluoride compared to the fluoride concentrations historically used in community water fluoridation programs (0.7–1.2 ppm). Confidence in this body of evidence is limited, prima
