"... significant differences were found in U-tAs and U-F- levels between males and females. Specifically, urine from women contained on average less tAs (41.5 vs 59.4 ng/mL) and F- (1.9 vs 2.4 µg/mL) than urine of men.
"Notably, both signs of dental fluorosis and skin lesions typical of the chronic iAs exposure (keratosis and changes in pigmentation) were observed in several participants during the introductory medical exam (unpublished data). Previously, dental fluorosis was reported for 80
Level 3 at
https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/opinions_layman/fluoridation/en/l-3/index.htm#0
The texts in Level 3 are directy quoted from:
Source & ©: SCHER Critical review of any new evidence on the hazard profile, health effects, and human exposure to fluoride and the fluoridating agents of drinking water More...
1 Introduction
Background
Fluoride is not considered to be essential for human growth and development but it is considered to be beneficial in the
Fluoride (F) is not an essential trace element in humans or necessary for the
development of healthy teeth and bones.9,10 It is likely that there is no threshold for fluoride-induced developmental neurotoxicity in drinking water, and the only
assuredly safe level of fluoride in drinking water is zero.10,11,12 The currently
recommended level of 0.7 mg F/L for community water systems10,11 and the
provision of fluoridated salt are no longer appropriate for preventing dental caries
because they
References
1. Hawkins R, Noble J, Locker D, et al. A comparison of the costs and patient acceptability of professionally applied topical fluoride foam and varnish. J Public Health Dent. 2004;64(2):106-110.
2. Marinho VCC, Worthington HV, Walsh T, Clarkson JE. Fluoride varnishes for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst
Rev. 2013;7:CD002279.
3. Ramos-Gomez F. A model for community-based pediatric oral health: implementation of an infant oral care pro
A 74-year-old man with double vessel coronary artery disease presented with angina on exertion grade II associated with hypertension. He was a reformed smoker and was leading an active life for his age. He came from Jhunjuna province of Rajasthan, India, which is notorious for a high fluoride content in the drinking water. He gave a history of difficult spinal block for transurethral resection of prostrate, some 10 years earlier, which he recollected as 3–4 ‘pricks’ in his back. On examina
Abstract
Chronic fluorosis is a widespread disease-related to the ingestion of high levels of fluoride through water and food. Prolonged ingestion of fluoride adversely affects the teeth, bones and other organs and alters their anatomy and physiology. Fluoride excess is a risk factor in cardiovascular disease and other major diseases, including hypothyroidism, diabetes and obesity. Although anaesthesiologists may be aware of its skeletal and dental manifestations, other systemic manifesta
