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Systematic Review of Intervention Studies Aiming at Reducing Inequality in Dental Caries among Children.

References Benjamin, R.M. Oral health: The silent epidemic. Public Health Rep. 2010, 125, 158. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] Ramos-Gomez, F.; Kinsler, J.; Askaryar, H. Understanding oral health disparities in children as a global public health issue: How dental health professionals can make a difference. J. Public Health Policy 2020, 41, 114–124. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] Pitts, N.B.; Zero, D.T.; Marsh, P.D.; Ekstrand, K.; Weintraub, J.A.; Ramos-Gomez, F.; Taga

Carious lesions in permanent dentitions are reduced in remote Indigenous Australian children taking part in a non-randomised preventive trial.

Excerpt Discussion ... While our annual intervention reduced caries incidence, caries increment remains unacceptably high in this community, even in children who received it. These interventions are resource-intensive, so consideration should be given to proven cost-effective interventions such as the reintroduction of water fluoridation. If active interventions are needed, consideration should be given to expanding the roles of community health workers to deliver preventive programs, especial

Serum Concentration of Fluoride in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis from the Lublin Region in Eastern Poland.

Excerpt 4. Discussion ... In our study higher serum fluoride concentrations were associated with changes in liver related parameters. In all Pugh-Child score groups of analyzed patients with different stages of alcoholic liver cirrhosis, elevated levels of plasma fluoride, increased activities of both hepatic aminotransferases, ALT and AST, and total bilirubin concentration were shown. The risk of serious complications like esophageal varices, ascites and encephalopathy was high

Recent Biomarkers for Monitoring the Systemic Fluoride Levels in Exposed Populations: A Systematic Review.

References Yadav, K.K.; Kumar, S.; Pham, Q.B.; Gupta, N.; Rezania, S.; Kamyab, H.; Yadav, S.; Vymazal, J.; Kumar, V.; Tri, D.Q.; et al. Fluoride contamination, health problems and remediation methods in Asian groundwater: A comprehensive review. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2019, 182, 109362. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] World Health Organization. Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality: Fourth Edition Incorporating First Addendum; WHO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2017. [Google Scholar]

Fluoride enhances generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, oxidizes hemoglobin, lowers antioxidant power and inhibits transmembrane electron transport in isolated human red blood cells.

References Abbas et al., 2017. M. Abbas, M.H. Siddiqi, K. Khan, K. Zahra, A.U. NaqviHaematological evaluation of sodium fluoride toxicity in oryctolagus cunniculus. Toxicol. Rep., 4 (2017), pp. 450-454. Article. Adedara et al., 2017. I.A. Adedara, T.J.D. Ojuade, B.F. Olabiyi, U.F. Idris, E.M. Onibiyo, O.F. Ajeigbe, E.O. Farombi. Taurine ameliorates oxidative damage and thyroid dysfunction in rats chronically exposed to fluoride. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 175 (2) (2017), pp. 388-3