Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the caries prevalence of children living in areas with either 0.25 or 2.5 ppm fluoride in the drinking water, and to relate caries experience to the severity of dental fluorosis. The children, aged 6-16 years (mean 11.3 years), were lifelong residents of their rural villages. The severity of dental fluorosis in the maxillary central incisors, assessed by Deans index, was 1.4 +/- 0.9 (n = 59) and 2.3 +/- 0.9 (n = 65) in the 0.25 and 2.5 ppm areas, respectively. There was no significant difference in DMFT between children from the two areas (2.6 +/- 2.3 n = 59 versus 2.1 +/- 2.3, n = 65). In the low-fluoride area 75% of the children had decayed permanent teeth compared to 66% in the high-fluoride area. In the primary teeth, however, both the caries prevalence and the dmft were significantly lower in the 2.5 ppm area than in the low-fluoridearea. Stepwise, multiple, linear regression analyses, including all children, showed a significant effect of age on DMFT (30% of the variance explained), but no explanatory effect of fluoride in drinking water, severity of dental fluorosis, or gender. Regression analyses based on children in the 2.5 ppm area alone, showed significantly higher DMFT by increased severity of dental fluorosis. In children with a mixed dentition (n = 66), there was no association between caries in the primary and permanent teeth.
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Association between developmental defects of enamel and dental caries in schoolchildren
Despite improvement, dental caries is still the main public oral health problem worldwide and the major cause of pain, tooth loss and chewing difficulties in children and adolescents; and it impacts negatively on oral health-related quality of life. A cross-sectional study of a multistage representative sample of 8-12-year-old Brazilian school
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Dental caries and endemic dental fluorosis in rural communities, Minas Gerais, Brazil
It is observational, analytical and cross-sectional aimed to evaluate the association between severity and prevalence of fluorosis and dental caries in rural communities with endemic dental fluorosis in the north state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, with fluoride concentrations in water up to 4.8 mg/L. Data were collected by one examiner
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Evaluation of dental fluorosis in relation to DMFT rates in a fluorotic rural area of Turkey
The purpose of this study was to determine the fluoride concentration of drinking water and any correlations between the severity, and discoloration level of dental fluorosis and decayed/missing/filled permanent teeth (DMFT) values in the rural fluorotic village of Deregümü, Isparta, Turkey. Intraoral examination of 293 individuals (150 women, 143 men)
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Associations between fluorosis of permanent incisors and fluoride intake from infant formula, other dietary sources and dentifrice during early childhood.
OBJECTIVES: The authors describe associations between dental fluorosis and fluoride intakes, with an emphasis on intake from fluoride in infant formula. METHODS: The authors administered periodic questionnaires to parents to assess children's early fluoride intake sources from beverages, selected foods, dentifrice and supplements. They later assessed relationships between fluorosis of the
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Relationship between dental caries experience (DMFS) and dental fluorosis in 12-year-old Puerto Ricans
OBJECTIVES: Examine the relationship between (1) DMFS and community fluorosis index (CFI) scores, and (2) between individual DMFS and NIDR/Dean Index fluorosis scores. DESIGN: Population-based, cross-sectional study. SETTING: Public and private schools of Puerto Rico. SUBJECTS: 1435, 12-year old students. METHOD: A probabilistic stratified sample was selected from 11 regions of Puerto
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Moderate/Severe Dental Fluorosis
In its "moderate" and severe forms, fluoride causes a marked increase in the porosity of the enamel. After eruption into mouth, the porous enamel of moderate to severe fluorosis readily takes up stain, creating permanent brown and black discolorations of the teeth. In addition to extensive staining, teeth with moderate to severe fluorosis are more prone to attrition and wear - leading to pitting, chipping, and decay.
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Racial Disparities in Dental Fluorosis
In 2005, the Centers for Disease Control published the results of a national survey of dental fluorosis conducted between 1999 and 2002. According to the CDC, black children in the United States have significantly higher rates of dental fluorosis than either white or Hispanic children. This was not the first time that black children were found to suffer higher rates of dental fluorosis. At least five other studies -- dating as far back as the 1960s -- have found black children in the United States are disproportionately impacted by dental fluorosis.
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Dental Fluorosis: The "Cosmetic" Factor
Any condition that can cause children to be embarrassed about their physical appearance can have significant consequences on their self-esteem and confidence. Researchers have repeatedly found that "physical appearance [is] the best predictor of self-esteem" in adolescents, (Harter 2000) and that facial attractiveness, particularly the appearance of one's teeth, is a
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Dental Fluorosis Impacts Dentin in Addition to Enamel
Dental fluorosis is a mineralization defect of tooth enamel marked by increased subsurface porosity. The enamel, however, is not the only component of teeth that is effected. As several studies have demonstrated, dental fluorosis can also impair the mineralization of dentin as well. As noted in one review: "The fact that
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"Mild" Dental Fluorosis: Perceptions & Psychological Impact
The vast majority of research has found that patients, parents, and the general public alike view mild fluorosis (TF score 3) as a significant blemish of the teeth, one that is likely to embarrass the affected child to a degree that cosmetic treatment would be warranted.
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