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Evaluation of Fluoride and Selected Chemical Parameters in Kombucha Derived from White, Green, Black and Red Tea.

Kombucha dates back thousands of years and is reported to have originated in East Asia. It is produced by fermenting tea with added sugar using SCOBY (symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast). Its health benefits can be attributed to the metabolites produced during the fermentation process. Valuable ingredients of this fermented tea beverage include acetic acid, glucuronic acid, vitamins, enzymes, sugars and polyphenols. Tea, and consequently kombucha, contains numerous minerals, and one of them

Equine dental and skeletal fluorosis induced by well water consumption.

References 1. Baker, GJ. Some aspects of equine dental disease. Equine Vet J 1970;2:105–110. Google Scholar | Crossref 2. Baumhammer, A , et al. Remodeling of alveolar bone. J Periodontol 1965;36:439–442. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline 3. Beck, JD. Fluorine poisoning in a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1946;109:59. Google Scholar | Medline 4. Buzalaf, MAR, Whitford, GM. Fluoride metabolism. In: Buzalaf, MAR , ed. Fluoride and the Oral

Pit and fissure sealants versus fluoride varnishes for preventing dental decay in the permanent teeth of children and adolescents.

Plain language summary Sealants or fluoride varnishes: which treatment is better for preventing decay in the permanent back teeth of children and adolescents? Why is this question important? Tooth decay (also called a cavity or caries) is when a small hole develops in a tooth. This happens because bacteria (tiny living organisms) that live in the mouth feed on sugar in the food we eat. As they feed, the bacteria produce acid that attacks teeth. If teeth are not cleaned regularly aft

Fluoride in diet, drinking water and urine in relation to bone mineral density and incidence of fractures.

Authors: E. Helte, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SWEDEN, C. Donat Vargas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, SPAIN M. Kippler, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SWEDEN, A. Wolk, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SWEDEN, K. Michaelsson, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SWEDEN. A. Akesson, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SWEDEN,  

Plasma and water fluoride levels and hyperuricemia among US adolescents.

Authors: Yudan Wei, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, United States J. Zhu, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA. S. Wetzstein, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA.  

Are low fluoride levels in drinking water really detrimental for neuropsychological neurodevelopment in childhood?

Authors: J. Ibarluzea, Department of Health of the Basque Government, Subdirectorate of Public Health of Gipuzkoa, Donostia-San Sebastián, SPAIN M. Gallastegi, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development., Donostia-San Sebastián, SPAIN M. Lopez Espinosa, Nursing School, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, SPAIN C. M. Villanueva, Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, SPAIN, I. Riano,

T for target organ, timing, and fluoride exposure.

AUTHOR Philippe Grandjean, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark