Abstract
Public health monitoring of Community Water Fluoridation (CWF) schemes requires estimates of exposure to fluoride in public water supplies (PWS). We aimed to use routine data to estimate population exposure to PWS-fluoride in England and to determine whether PWS-fluoride exposure from 2005 to 2015 could be used as a proxy for exposure for 1995–2004, when fluoride concentration data that could be linked to population health data were unavailable. We calculated annual mean water
References
1. Whitford GM (1996) The metabolism and toxicity of fluoride. Monogr Oral Sci 16. Rev 2. 1–153
2. Tsunoda N, Sakurai S, Tsunoda H (1986) Gastrointestinal absorption of fluoride in humans—a comparative study of NaF and CaF2. In: Humio T and Ming-Ho Yu (ed) Fluoride research 1985, studies in environmental science 27. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp389–394
3. Everett ET (2011) Fluoride's effects on the formation of teeth and bones, and the influence of genetics. J D
Funding
This study was financed by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) from Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communications (MCTI) process number: 435093/2018-5 approved by R.L. L.B. and A.D. received CNPq and FAPESP scholarships, respectively. M.B., M.E.C.-L. and C.M. thanks for CNPq fellowship. The APC was funded by Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-graduação da Universidade Federal do Pará (PROPESP-UFPA).
Acknowledg
References
Anuradha CD, Kanno S, Hirano S (2001) Oxidative damage to mitochondria is a preliminary step to caspase-3 activation in fluoride-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Free Radical Biol Med 1:367–373
Article Google Scholar
Bai C, Chen T, Cui Y, Gong T, Peng X, Cui HM (2010) Effect of high fluorine on the cell cycle and apoptosis of renal cells in chickens. Biol Trace Elem Res 138:173–80
CAS PubMed Article Google Scholar
Barbier O, Arreola-Mendoz
Introduction
Excessive fluoride intake during tooth development causes dental fluorosis.
Aim
This study aimed to (1) determine the prevalence of dental fluorosis in association with fluoride concentrations in drinking water, (2) explore the effects of altitude on the severity of fluorosis in two towns with high fluoride levels in the drinking water, and (3) assess decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) and oral hygiene practices among participants.
Material and methods
References
Abd El Tawab AM, Shahin NN, AbdelMohsen MM. 2014. Protective effect of Satureja montana extract on cyclophosphamide-induced testicular injury in rats. Chem.-Biol. Interact. 224: 196-205 Crossref, Medline, ISI, Google Scholar.
Adedara IA, Ojuade TJD, Olabiyi BF, Idris UF, Onibiyo EM, Ajeigbe OF, Farombi EO. 2017. Taurine ameliorates renal oxidative damage and thyroid dysfunction in rats chronically exposed to fluoride. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 175: 388-395 Crossref, Medl
References
Lav KH, Baylink DJ (1998) Molecular mechanism of action of fluoride on bone cells. J Bone Miner Res 13:1660–1667
Article Google Scholar
Perumal E, Paul V, Govindarajan V, Panneerselvam L (2013) A brief review on experimental fluorosis. Toxicol Lett 223:236–251
CAS Article Google Scholar
Purohit SD, Gupta RC, Mathur AK, Gupta N, Jeswani ID, Choudhary VK (1999) Experimental pulmonary fluorosis. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 41:27–34
CAS Pu