Abstract
Highlights
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- Acidosis due to chronic high altitude residence could enhance dental fluorosis.
- High fluoride retention occurs due to impaired kidney function at higher altitude.
- Need to maintain good nutrition status and intake of alkaline producing diets.
- Optimum iodine and vitamin D intake helps to control dental fluorosis.
- Need to keep the drinking water fluoride level 0.1 mg/L at 1500 m altitude.
Many scientific reports emphasized that the extent of prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis is higher among the people residing at high altitude regions than lower altitudes, even though they are exposed to drinking water with similar or less fluoride levels. This review reports various factors which enhance the risk of prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis at high altitude regions through different pathways. Especially, this review focused on ecological, physiological, biochemical and dietary factors as well as to identify potential key areas to implement further research on control of dental fluorosis risk at high altitude regions. In addition, by considering the pathways of risks, suitable remedial measures are also recommended in this review to manage the dental fluorosis risk at higher altitude regions.
Graphical abstract
*Original abstract online at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352186420314152
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Association of dental and skeletal fluorosis with calcium intake and vitamin D concentrations in adolescents from a region endemic for fluorosis
Objective: Patan, is a semi urban area in Gujarat, India where fluorosis is endemic (Fluoride concentration in ground water 1.96–10.85 ppm, Patel et al., 2008). Exposure to fluoride is likely to be higher in lower socio-economic class (SEC) due to lack of access to bottled water. Calcium intake and vitamin
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Environmental and physiological factors affecting dental fluorosis
In addition to differences in fluoride intake and possibly to calcium deficiency or malnutrition, there are several factors which may account for individual differences in the occurrence of dental fluorosis. Disorders in acid-base balance affect the renal handling of fluoride such that, in acidosis, the excretion rate is diminished and,
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Association Between Dietary Patterns and Fluorosis in Guizhou, China.
Objective: Many studies have explored the effects of individual foods or nutrients on fluorosis, but no studies have focused on dietary patterns. This study examined the relationship between dietary patterns and coal-burning fluorosis in Guizhou, China. Methods: This 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted in Zhijin County of Guizhou province with
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Association of Dietary Calcium Intake with Dental, Skeletal and Non-Skeletal Fluorosis among Women in the Ethiopian Rift Valley.
Fluorosis is a major public health problem in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Low calcium (Ca) intake may worsen fluorosis symptoms. We assessed the occurrence of fluorosis symptoms among women living in high-fluoride (F) communities in South Ethiopia and their associations with dietary Ca intake. Women (n = 270) from
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Groundwater quality and its health impact: An assessment of dental fluorosis in rural inhabitants of the Main Ethiopian Rift.
Highlights We mapped groundwater fluoride distribution and identified fluoride health risk areas. Dental fluorosis (DF) was evaluated based on TFI scale (Thylstrup and Fejerskov index). Relationship between groundwater fluoride and its dental health impact was established. Effect of milk consumption on DF was evaluated and contributed to reducing DF severity.
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