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… One of the major objectives of our research group is the production of geochemical maps showing the distribution of elements or important chemical species in the surface and groundwater of Sri Lanka. A geochemical data bank is now being prepared with the assistance of the Water Supply and Drainage Board and the Water Resources Board of Sri Lanka. For example, in a preliminary survey carried out on the relationship between fluoride ions in drinking water and the incidence of dental diseases, areas with abundant fluoride concentrations in the water (> 3 ppm) were identified. Dental fluorosis was found to be common in areas where mineral deposits such as apatite are found or where hot springs with exhalations of fluorine occur. In contrast, those areas with very little or no fluoride, such as the central region of Sri Lanka, had a high incidence of dental caries. The intensity of rainfall also plays a major role in the leaching of fluoride ions from soils and probably contributes to the formation of a low fluoride zone in the wet central region of Sri Lanka.
*Original report online at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329886103_the_hydrogeochemical_atlas_of_sri_lanka
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The influence of various fluoride exposures on the prevalence of esthetic problems resulting from dental fluorosis
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine the prevalence of esthetic problems due to dental fluorosis, and determine the relationship of different fluoride exposure histories to the occurrence of these problems. METHODS: In 1993-94 2,715 children in grades 2 and 3 and 3,297 adolescents in grades 8 and 9 were examined
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Effect of altitude on urinary, plasma and nail fluoride levels in children and adults in Nepal.
Highlights Several aspects of fluoride metabolism were examined in child-parent dyads living at a lower- and higher-altitudes in Nepal. Fluoride concentration of finger- and toe-nail was not related to either fluoride intake or altitude. In children, higher altitude leads to decreased urinary fluoride excretion when given the same fluoride dose.
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Aesthetic management of severely fluorosed incisors in an adolescent female
BACKGROUND: Dental fluorosis is a condition of enamel hypomineralization due to the effects of excessive fluoride on ameloblasts during enamel formation. Delayed degradation of enamel matrix proteins or inhibited protein removal results in impaired and incomplete crystal growth, producing hypomineralized and porous enamel. Severely fluorosed teeth may undergo post-eruptive surface
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Characteristics of epidemiology of dental caries in children from regions with high and optimum fluorine content in drinking water.
Objective: Introduction: Prevention of dental diseases in children is the priority item on the modern dentistry agenda. Among the undeniable factors known as contributing into caries incidence, there is fluoride content in the external environment, especially in drinking water, which is the main source of fluoride intake. The aim: This
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Fluoride Alters Signaling Pathways Associated with the Initiation of Dentin Mineralization in Enamel Fluorosis Susceptible Mice.
Fluoride can alter the formation of mineralized tissues, including enamel, dentin, and bone. Dentin fluorosis occurs in tandem with enamel fluorosis. However, the pathogenesis of dentin fluorosis and its mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we report the effects of fluoride on the initiation of dentin matrix formation and
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Community Fluorosis Index (CFI)
The current Community Fluorosis Index for U.S. adolescents as a whole (from both fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas) is roughly 5 times higher than the CFI health authorities predicted for fluoridated areas when fluoridation first began. It is also higher than the CFI that the NIDR found in fluoridated areas back in the 1980s. It is readily apparent, therefore, that children are ingesting far more fluoride than was the case in the 1950s, and even as recently as the 1980s.
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In its "moderate" and severe forms, fluoride causes a marked increase in the porosity of the enamel. After eruption into mouth, the porous enamel of moderate to severe fluorosis readily takes up stain, creating permanent brown and black discolorations of the teeth. In addition to extensive staining, teeth with moderate to severe fluorosis are more prone to attrition and wear - leading to pitting, chipping, and decay.
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