Conclusions
In this manuscript, we present a simple graphical plot/tabular tool which allows clinicians to gauge the overall exposure of their patients to fluoride-containing products with respect to both acute and chronic toxicities. This tool will undoubtedly also assist clinicians who wish to discuss these issues with adult patients, and parents of child patients, about fluoride anion, fluoride adducts, and their potential, albeit very unlikely, toxic effects.
After over 100 years of discov
2.3.6.IQ Suppression as Function of As and F Concentrations in Drinking Water
This study focusses on the neurotoxic effect of As and F in child cognitive development as an example of one health and economic impact from exposure. The thresholds at which negative health effects occur and the shape of the dose-response curve for a given neurotoxin are uncertain. A general feature, however, of some well constrained dose-response curves of inorganic neurotoxins (i.e., lead (Pb)) is t
Data availability
The authors are stating that all data included in the manuscript will be available and transparent for interested users.
References
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Alvarez-Ayuso
Introduction
Fluoride enrichment of drinking water is one of the major public health advances of the 21st century. While fluoride toxicity has been reported with acute intoxication (Gessner et al., 1994; Penman et al., 1997), emerging data suggests that even low levels of exposure may be associated with adverse effects in vulnerable populations (Wei et al., 2021a; Yasmin and Ranjan, 2015; Riddell et al., 2019; Green et al., 2019). While there are known determinants of fluoride toxicity, i
Introduction
Long-term and excess fluoride consumption induces disturbed homeostasis of the bone and a series of chronic systemic diseases (Erdal and Buchanan, 2005). The World Health Organization has stated that the maximum safe limit of fluoride in drinking water is 1.5 ppm; however, more than 50 countries have high fluoride levels in drinking water (Rango et al., 2012; Perumal et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2018; Zhou et al., 2019). Fluorosis is endemic in at least 25 countries around the world, o
References
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