Abstract
Mild-to-moderately severe enamel fluorosis (EF) is an unsightly maturation-phase dental disorder. Despite extensive epidemiological studies on EF, little is known about individual treatment options. This study was carried out to determine whether a simple microabrasion technique is effective in improving the esthetics of EF. Patients with a variety of severities were treated using a water-cooled fine diamond polishing bur at high speed to remove the surface enamel layers. Photographs of the affected teeth before and after treatment were shown by computer to a panel of three judges (two lay and one experienced), who rated the appearance of the teeth using a newly developed visual analog scale. The severity of EF was rated randomly and blind for 52 individual teeth (26 before and 26 after treatment). Reteated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the results. The lay judges rated the appearance of the teeth with EF as significantly more objectionable before treatment. All judges found a significant improvement in the severity of EF after treatment. Using a newly developed visual analog scale, our study indicates that EF of an objectionable nature can be significantly improved with a simple microabrasion technique, thus conserving tooth structure and minimizing the cost of treating EF.
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Clinical efficacy of 5% sodium hypochlorite for removal of stains caused by dental fluorosis
The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of 5% sodium hypochlorite solution for removal of stains caused by dental fluorosis in young patients. A clinical trial involved 33 patients with diffuse opacities on the enamel surfaces of maxillary incisors due to effects of dental fluorosis. The
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A randomized CIE L*a*b* evaluation of external bleaching therapy effects on fluorotic enamel stains
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of external bleaching on the color and luminosity of fluorotic stains and adjacent, normally mineralized enamel areas by means of CIE L*a*b* colorimetry. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Eighteen adolescents with mild to moderate fluorotic stains were randomly assigned to either bleaching group A (n = 9)
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Comparison between phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid in microabrasion technique for the treatment of dental fluorosis
PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of phosphoric acid (H(3)PO(4))-pumice compound with conventional hydrochloric acid (HCl)-pumice compound in treating different severities of dental fluorosis with the microabrasion technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-seven anterior teeth from seven patients with different severities of dental fluorosis were treated. In each patient, half of the
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Alternative esthetic management of fluorosis and hypoplasia stains: blending effect obtained with resin infiltration techniques
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: New light-polymerized resin composites optimized for rapid infiltration of enamel lesions with resin light curing monomers are commercially available today to prevent enamel lesions from further demineralization and provide a highly conservative therapy. In addition, this technique has proved to be effective treatment for blending white spot
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In-office dental bleaching and enamel microabrasion for fluorosis treatment
Recently, mostly as a result of drinking water fluoridation, the number of young patients affected by fluorosis increased considerably. This study describes a minimally invasive technique, using in-office dental bleaching (35% hydrogen peroxide) and enamel microabrasion (silicon carbide and 12% hydrochloric acid) to eliminate fluorosis like stains. The association of
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When it comes to how fluoride impacts human health, no tissue in the body has been studied more than the teeth. Yet, despite over 50 years of research, the mechanism by which fluoride causes dental fluorosis (a hypo-mineralization of the enamel that results in significant staining of the teeth) is not
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Moderate/Severe Dental Fluorosis
In its "moderate" and severe forms, fluoride causes a marked increase in the porosity of the enamel. After eruption into mouth, the porous enamel of moderate to severe fluorosis readily takes up stain, creating permanent brown and black discolorations of the teeth. In addition to extensive staining, teeth with moderate to severe fluorosis are more prone to attrition and wear - leading to pitting, chipping, and decay.
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Racial Disparities in Dental Fluorosis
In 2005, the Centers for Disease Control published the results of a national survey of dental fluorosis conducted between 1999 and 2002. According to the CDC, black children in the United States have significantly higher rates of dental fluorosis than either white or Hispanic children. This was not the first time that black children were found to suffer higher rates of dental fluorosis. At least five other studies -- dating as far back as the 1960s -- have found black children in the United States are disproportionately impacted by dental fluorosis.
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Community Fluorosis Index (CFI)
The current Community Fluorosis Index for U.S. adolescents as a whole (from both fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas) is roughly 5 times higher than the CFI health authorities predicted for fluoridated areas when fluoridation first began. It is also higher than the CFI that the NIDR found in fluoridated areas back in the 1980s. It is readily apparent, therefore, that children are ingesting far more fluoride than was the case in the 1950s, and even as recently as the 1980s.
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"Mild" Dental Fluorosis: Perceptions & Psychological Impact
The vast majority of research has found that patients, parents, and the general public alike view mild fluorosis (TF score 3) as a significant blemish of the teeth, one that is likely to embarrass the affected child to a degree that cosmetic treatment would be warranted.
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