Abstract
The water-extractable fluoride content of nine packed teas, ten instant tea powders, and ten tea beverages manufactured in China, Japan, Taiwan, and the USA was determined by the fluoride ion specific electrode method. Among the black, green, and Oolong packed teas, the F content ranged from 41.5 to 212.4 mg F/kg tea. Among the instant tea powders, the range was broader: 25.9 to 631.3 mg F/kg tea, the latter in a black tea from Taiwan. The bottled and canned tea beverages had fluoride concentrations ranging from 0.20 to 1.80 mg F/L, with the highest in Oolong tea beverages. Chronic toxic levels of fluoride consumption from some of these tea products are possible. The packaging paper of packed teas and the addition of milk had no effect the fluoride concentrations in the infusions.
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Fluoride in tea--its dental significance: a review.
It has long been accepted that fluoride accumulates in the leaves of the tea plant. Camellia sinensis. In addition it is known that some of this fluoride is released into the infusion which is drunk as tea. The exact concentration of fluoride in a cup of tea and the effects
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The effects, both separate and interactive, of smoking and tea consumption on urinary fluoride levels.
The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of smoking and tea consumption on urinary fluoride ion (F) levels and whether any interactive effects occurred. Three hundred university students were recruited to provide urinary samples. An Orion 4-Star ion-meter, equipped with an ion selective electrode (ISE), was used
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Assessment of fluoride concentration and daily intake by human from tea and herbal infusions
The fluoride content in infusions of commercially available black, green, oolong, pu-erh and white teas was determined by ion-selective electrode. Herbal infusions as well as instant tea and ready-to-drink tea beverages were also examined. It is found that brewing time (5, 10 and 30 min) does increase the fluoride content, which in infusions of
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Tealeaves may release or absorb fluoride, depending on the fluoride content of water.
As the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is known to accumulate fluoride from the soil, the tealeaves may contain high concentrations of fluoride, which is easily released during infusion. In this study, we have tested the possible effect of original fluoride concentration in the water on the fluoride release from tea.
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Fluoride intake from the consumption of refreshment drinks and natural juices.
Highlights Soft-drinks and juices (65) were analyzed by potentiometry. Tea-based beverages had the highest fluoride content. Fluoride intake does not lead to a risk in adult health. Consumption of these beverages by children should be moderated. Fluoride plays an important role in the prevention of dental decay and in the reduction
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Fluoride content in tea and its relationship with tea quality.
J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Jul 14;52(14):4472-6. Fluoride content in tea and its relationship with tea quality. Lu Y, Guo WF, Yang XQ. Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 268 Kaixuan Road, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China. Abstract: The tea plant is known as a fluorine accumulator. Fluoride (F) content in fresh leaves collected
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Estimated "Threshold" Doses for Skeletal Fluorosis
For over 40 years health authorities stated that in order to develop crippling skeletal fluorosis, one would need to ingest between 20 and 80 mg of fluoride per day for at least 10 or 20 years. This belief, however, which played an instrumental role in shaping current fluoride policies, is now acknowledged by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) and other US health authorities to be incorrect.
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Tea Intake Is a Risk Factor for Skeletal Fluorosis
A number of recent studies have found that heavy tea drinkers can develop skeletal fluorosis - a bone disease caused by excessive intake of fluoride.
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Fluoride Content of Tea
Tea, particularly tea drinks made with lower quality older leaves, contain high levels of fluoride. Because of these high levels, research has found that individuals who drink large amounts of tea can develop skeletal fluorosis -- a painful bone disease caused by excessive fluoride intake. Since skeletal fluorosis is often misdiagnosed by
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Exposure Pathways Linked to Skeletal Fluorosis
Excessive fluoride exposure from any source -- and from all sources combined -- can cause skeletal fluorosis. Some exposure pathways , however, have been specifically identified as placing individuals at risk of skeletal fluorosis. These exposure pathways include: Fluoridated Water for Kidney Patients Excessive Tea Consumption High-Fluoride Well Water Industrial Fluoride Exposure Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals (Voriconazole
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