References
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Table 1
Hydrological record and fluoride content of groundwater from monitoring area in 2019
Parameters
Rainy season
Dry season
Average rainfall (mm)
630
210
Water elevation (m)
?10.84 to 9.26
?13.68 to 11.41
F? concentration (mg/L)
0.16–2.06
0.19–1.19 (Gao et al. 2013)
Figure 1
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CONCLUSIONS
In this study, content distribution analysis and quantificational source apportionmen
Introduction
Fluoride (F-) is abundant in the environment, but is toxic to plant and animal life. Fluoride is naturally released into the biosphere by weathering of fluoride-containing minerals and from volcanoes and marine aerosols (Symonds et al. 1988; Weinstein and Davison 2004). Fluoride is released by coal burning and manufacturing processes involving metal smelting or chemical reduction of fluoride-containing minerals. Fertilizers used to enhance growth conditions for crops contai
Notes:
While the pdf of this report is attached, the summary below is dated June 8-9, 2023 and modified on February 6, 2024. It is online at https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/water-quality/expert-panel-meeting-effects-fluoride-drinking-summary.html
This report pertains to the Expert Panel for the February 6, 2024, report titled:
Systematic review of epidemiological and toxicological evidence on health effects of fluorid
Figure 1. Risk assessment strategy for fluoride health effects.
Note: See the Health Canada Summary Report of the expert panel members of this study.
Fluoride has a well-documented role in the prevention and treatment of dental caries, but the mechanism is attributed to local effects on the tooth enamel surface rather than systemic effects. Fluoride is not considered essential for humans, no deficiencies are known, and no optimal range, which will not result in moderate fluorosis in some individuals, can be set. Recently, research studies have shown evidence for a relationship between fluoride intake and cognitive outcomes and interaction
Discussion of study results
This study shows that the two tested commercially available fluoride toothpastes for children aged up to 24 months were significantly overdosed by parents: Fluoride toothpaste A was overdosed by a factor 5.9 and fluoride toothpaste B was overdosed by a factor 7.2 (Tables 4, 5 and Figs. 2, 3). This is in line with other studies with older children who should use a pea-size amount of toothpaste but overdosed [28, 29]. Huebner et al. found that parents dosed
2.1. Participants
Pregnant women were enrolled in the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) Study (Arbuckle, 2013) between 2008 and 2011 from ten cities across Canada, seven of which add fluoride to drinking water (Toronto, Hamilton, Ottawa, Sudbury, Halifax, Edmonton, Winnipeg) and three of which do not (Vancouver, Montreal, Kingston). Women were eligible to participate if they were ? 18 years of age, able to communicate in English or French, and < 14 weeks’ gestatio
2 | METHODS
The LOTUS study (fLuOridaTion for adUltS) was a retrospective cohort study using routinely collected National Health Service (NHS) dental treatment claims (FP17) data, submitted to the NHS Business Services Authority (NHS BSA), between 22nd November 2010 and 21st October 2020. Data were collected in a range of NHS primary dental care settings, including: general dental practices, community dental services, domiciliary settings, prisons, urgent/out-of-hours and specialized referral-o
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