Abstract
In an in vivo genotoxicity investigation of the action of fluoride (F) on bone marrow cells, sodium fluoride (NaF) was administered through the drinking water of 2–3 month old Swiss albino mice for 30 days at lower (7.5, 15, and 30 mg/L) and higher concentrations (100 and 150 mg/L). Mitotic inhibition, chromosomal aberrations, and chromatid breaks were most pronounced in mice that received the relatively low dose of 15 mg NaF/L. The effects became obvious after the first week of treatment and were maximal after 3 months of sustained exposure. Chromosome aberrations induced by one month treatment with 15 mg NaF/L was significantly higher than those found with the 100 and 150 mg NaF/L concentrations. The total number of femur bone marrow cells remained unchanged in all the treatment groups except in the 150 mg NaF/L group, in which it declined significantly. F treatment did not elicit any change in the percentage of viable cells in the bone marrow. Depletion of S-phase fraction of bone marrow cells occurred in the mice receiving 150 mg NaF/ L for 30 days, whereas treatment with 15 mg NaF/L for 90 days elevated the sub-G1 fraction, suggesting inhibition of DNA synthesis and up-regulation of apoptosis, respectively. These results indicate that the action of F in vivo is actually more genotoxic at certain lower concentrations than at higher concentrations.
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Increased incidence of melanotic tumors in two strains of Drosophila Melanogaster following treatment with sodium fluoride
In Drosophila melanogaster the frequency of adults with melanotic tumors increases both when .larvae from genetically normal and genetically melanotic tum0r strains are exposed to nutrient containing silver nitrate. Larval nutrient containing sodium fluoride also has this effect on genetically normal individuals. The present work was performed to test simultaneously
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Genotoxic damage in oral epithelial cells induced by fluoride in drinking-water on students of Tula de Allende, Hidalgo, Mexico
Fluoride (F-) compounds are present on the earth’s surface, water, volcanoes and are also a product of petrochemical and cement industries. Little amounts of F- are required for the formation of bones and enamel, however, according to World Health Organization (WHO), ingestion of over 1.5 mg/L of F- may be
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Cytogenetic studies of sodium fluoride in mice
The cytogenetic effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) were measured in mice following administration in the drinking water for 6 weeks. Bone fluoride levels were determined and showed a dose-related incorporation of fluoride. Micronuclei were measured in peripheral blood erythrocytes following 1 and 6 weeks of NaF administration. Bone marrow cell
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Chromosomal aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges in Lithuanian populations: effects of occupational and environmental exposures
Cytogenetic analysis of chromosomal aberrations (CA) in 175,229 cells from 1113 individuals, both unexposed and occupationally or environmentally exposed to heavy metals (mercury and lead), organic (styrene, formaldehyde, phenol and benzo(a)pyrene) and inorganic (sulfur and nitrogen oxides, hydrogen and ammonium fluorides) volatile substances and/or ionizing radiation was performed. In addition,
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The effects of sodium fluoride and iodacetamide on mutation induction by x-irradiation in mature spermatoza of drosophila
The effect of two inhibitors of glycolysis, NaF and iodacetamide on the production of recessive lethal mutations by X-rays in mature Drosophila sperm has been investigated. Pre-treatment with NaF resulted in a consistent and highly significant increase of the mutation frequency. This effect is thought to result from interference with
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Fluoride & Liver Cancers in NTP Bioassay
On October 28, 1988, Battelle Columbus Laboratories submitted its Final Report to the NTP concerning the results of the Mouse study. The principal finding of Battelle's report was that a dose-dependent increase of a rare liver cancer (hepatocholangiocarcinoma) had occurred in the fluoride-treated male and female mice.
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Micronucleus and Sister Chromatid Exchange Frequency in Endemic Fluorosis
The rise of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronucleus (MN) in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of the fluorine-intoxicated patients indicates that fluorine is a mutagenic agent which can cause DNA and chromosomal damage.
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Fluoride & Osteosarcoma: A Timeline
Several human epidemiological studies have found an association between fluoride in drinking water and the occurrence of osteosarcoma (bone cancer) in young males. These studies are consistent with the National Toxicology Program's (NTP) cancer bioassay which found that fluoride-treated male rats had an dose-dependent increase in osteosarcoma. Although a number of studies have failed to detect an association between fluoride and osteosarcoma, none of these studies have measured the risk of fluoride at specific windows in time, which based on recent results, is the critical question with respect to fluoride and osteosarcoma.
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Fluoride's Mutagenicity: In vitro Studies
According to the National Toxicology Program, "the preponderance of evidence" from laboratory "in vitro" studies indicate that fluoride is a mutagenic compound. Many substances which are mutagens, are also carcinogens (i.e. they can cause cancer). As is typical for in vitro studies, the concentrations of fluoride that have generally been tested
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A Critique of Gelberg's Study on Fluoride/Osteosarcoma in New York
The case-control study by Gelberg, published first as a PhD dissertation and then later in two peer-reviewed journals, may represent the most substantive study on fluoride/osteosarcoma previous to Bassin’s 2001 analysis. In assessing Gelberg’s data, we were at first struck by the existence of several notable errors in both the thesis and papers. While these errors do raise questions about the study, our primary concern with Gelberg’s work relates to the methods she used to analyze her data.
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